華人影視劇語言的在地化－－以台新中三地閩南語影視劇語言混雜現象為例

Localization of Language Usage in Ethnic Chinese Media and Hybridity in Southern Min Soap Operas and Movies of Taiwan, Singapore, and China

語言、社會、文化三者密不可分，語言乃是表述社會與文化的載體，往往隨時間的推移、環境的變遷與社會的演變，逐漸形成地域性的語言差異，此乃社會語言學的基本共識。準此，中國之外的閩南語通俗影視劇之語言，在與當地族群語言接觸、競爭下，必然呈現程度不一的語言融合、混雜的現象，而有別於福建原鄉的閩南語，遂而產生語言在地化的現象。是故在中國之外的華人閩南族群，在以當地題材為創作背景的影視劇中，其戲劇語言必然翔實呈現當地社會常民語言的樣貌。職是之故，本文擬以俯瞰的視角，以台灣影視做為觀察與論述的中心，進一步延伸觀察新加坡與中國同類型的閩南語影視作品進行比較，探究其間的同質性與異質性，並借鑑省思台灣應有的態度。本文發現，雖然三地閩南語影視劇皆有移借官方語言的現象，其中僅台、新兩地商業寫實劇，呈現弱勢語言滲透並影響強勢語言－－華語－－的逆滲透現象，而展現其語言主體性自我發展。至於中國閩南語影視劇則未有前述現象與功能，原因應是中國閩南語影視劇並非是迎合社會需求而製播的商業劇，而是為營造其「兩岸同屬一中」之家國想像的文化統戰手段。本文認為，我們或可將台灣本土影劇－－台語電視劇，視為開創台語新生命的繁殖場，並視之為本土語言傳布最直接的管道與展場；本研究的發現，應有助於排除台灣當前推動本土語言的困境，營造增進推動效益的助力。

Language, society, and culture are closely related to one another. Language is a medium through which societal thoughts and culture are expressed. Moreover, the basic consensus among sociolinguists is that language gradually in the course of time develops distinctive and localized characteristics, environmental changes, and societal transformations. Therefore, this study observes TV Soap operas in Taiwan using Taiwanese and compares these shows with those of similar Southern Min movies and TV Soap operas in Singapore and China. The comparison is conducted to investigate the differences and similarities between the shows to determine factors that facilitate the observed phenomena. This enables reflecting the attitude of Taiwanese toward current language usage. The results of this study can help reduce and solve the difficulties encountered in promoting local languages in Taiwan.