中國近期網路作為探討：從控制到攻擊

Discussion of Recent China Cyber Operations: From Control to Attack

隨著資訊技術的應用，網路科技也深入至人類生活的每一角落，特別是對中國來說，電子商務的成長也逐漸的加深對於網路科技的應用，但隨著經濟發展利潤所隨之而生的便是有心人士與網路犯罪的覬覦。以及網路的匿名與自由的輿論傳遞特性也與中國對待媒體的態度有所抵觸，這都讓中國在2000 年之後開始加強其網路監控組建中國的網路防火牆，也是日後防火長城。希望藉此控制網路的言論，以免危及政府的政權。除了對內的控制之外，中國也瞭解網路技術在軍事上的運用，已成為未來戰爭的決勝制高點。過去只有單純的與民間具有資訊專業背景的人士合作，或對懷有敵對意識的網站發動置換網頁等騷擾性的行為，但近期已演變成透過網路竊取資訊、癱瘓對方系統或是利用病毒破壞重要關鍵基礎設施都是近期中國網路作戰的模式。有鑑於網路發展的面向十分多元，難以在有限篇幅中予以討論，因此本研究集中探討於中國對內的網路控制以及其對外攻擊的手法與樣式。並嘗試融合技術面的研究以期能更加理解網路政策的內涵，而非流於政策宣傳的文字探討，方能一窺虛實。

With the application of the information technology, network technology also goes deep into every corner of human life, especially for China, the growth of e-commerce has gradually deepened for the application of network technology; however, with the profit of economic development, which causes the greediness of the interested parties and Internet crimes. Moreover, the characteristics of anonymous using and free public opinions transmission in Internet, which are inconsistent in the attitude that China towards the media. All above mentioned are the reasons that China began to strengthen its network monitoring ability and build up Internet firewall since 2000, and it's also the Great Firewall of China in order to enhance the network monitoring, hope to control public speech in Internet, and make it not to jeopardize the government's regime. In addition to internal controls, China also understands the use of Internet technology in the military will become the commanding heights of winning future wars. In the past, they had only simple cooperation with folk personnel who has IT professional background, or launched some harassing activities such as the replacing web pages of those websites which had hostile awareness, but recently, the pattern of China network operations has evolved into a theft of information through the Internet, the paralysis of other systems or the use of virus to damage important key infrastructure. Whereas the development of network-oriented is multiple, it's very difficult to be covered in a limited page, therefore, this study focuses on China's internal network control and its external attack technique and type. F urther, this study also tries to integrate the researches of technology perspective in order to be able to have better understanding in the contents of network policy, rather than the discussion of text from the government policy advocacy, that will be the way to glimpse of the actual situation.