英文摘要 |
The fundamental goal of global health authorities is to improve health conditions of all people worldwide. In reality, millions of people are excluded from access to public healthcare due to civil armed conflicts. On certain occasions the conflicts were long-lasting with the insurgencies exercising permanent control over considerable part of territories. These de facto independent entities are outside the jurisdiction of international health regime. Such exclusion stems from the very nature of the sovereignty- based international order. It involves diverse positions and conflicting interests of various parties that cannot simply be resolved by technological means. This paper aims to discuss the limitations of international health regime in dealing with these situations and explore possible solutions. A structural framework is developed by identifying major stakeholders and their respective positions, perceptions and incentives (or otherwise) to intervene, and outlining the dynamic of intervention as basis for analysis. Existing approaches of international intervention will then be compared by using Gaza Strip, South Ossetia and Somaliland as examples. A number of suggestions are made to formulate an integrated framework of international intervention to achieve “health without borders” for humanity.
全球衛生治理的根本目標是改善全人類的健康狀況,然而,實際上數以百萬計的人因國內發生武裝衝突而未能獲得公共醫療衛生服務。在某些情況下,衝突持續多年,武裝組織甚至永久控制可觀面積的領土。這些事實獨立實體處於國際衛生體系的管轄範圍以外,其原因在於國際秩序建基於國家主權的本質,由於各方的立場和利益迴異,並非以技術方式所能輕易解決。本文旨在討論國際衛生體系在處理上述情況的局限及探討可能的解決方法,並建立分析框架以鑒定主要持分者對於國際介入事實獨立實體之衛生事務的立場、認知和誘因(反之亦然),梳理國際介入背後的脈絡,作為研究分析的基礎。文中以加薩走廊、南奧塞提亞和索馬利蘭為例,比較現時各種國際介入模式,並提出一些建議,務求建立一個經整合的國際介入架構,從而為全人類實現「有醫無類」的理想。 |