戰後菲律賓歸僑從中國返菲案之交涉

The ROC Repatriated of Overseas Chinese to the Philippines after World War Ⅱ

1937年，日本發動侵華戰爭。許多旅居菲律賓的華僑在中華民國政府的宣傳及民族主義的刺激下，萌發愛國熱潮。這些華僑有錢的出錢，有力的出力，全力支援祖國對抗日本，甚至有的華僑更直接返回中國境內，親自投入對日抗戰的行列。1945年，日本在美國投下原子彈轟炸廣島、長崎後，宣布無條件投降，結束了太平洋戰爭，這也使得中華民國贏得對日抗戰的勝利。戰事結束後，這些菲律賓華僑欲返回旅居地重整家業、展開新生活，惟過程非預期順遂。當時，中華民國對南洋海上交通尚未恢復，又缺乏巨大客輪運載僑胞返回菲律賓。更棘手的是，菲律賓認為這些華僑返菲後，勢必嚴重衝擊糧荒與失業問題，故嚴格限制華僑得持有有效證書，才能返菲。本文以國史館典藏的《外交部檔案》和相關資料，梳理戰後中華民國政府盡最大之努力協助旅菲華僑順利踏上歸途。其中，外交部與菲律賓多方斡旋，以放寬華僑返菲的限制。另一方面，僑務委員會協助證件遺失與缺乏資料的華僑，補發證件。除此之外，中華民國政府還爭取聯合國善後救濟總署及聯合國國際難民組織等國際力量的援助，使遣送華僑的作業更加順利。

In 1937, Japan started the Sino-Japanese War, and many Philippine overseas Chinese with their inherent patriotism returned to China to attend the war. In 1945, Japan was defeated. Along with the end of the war, these overseas Chinese returned to the Philippine. Only the Chinese coast transportation not yet restored, the Republic of China Government lacked the giant passenger ship to transport, and the Philippine Government limited overseas Chinese returns to one's native city strictly avoiding the grain problem of shortage and unemployment. Afterward, the Republic of China Government obtained United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Preparatory Commission International Refugee Organization (PCIRO) assistance, and obtained the Philippine Government's relaxation limit, then repatriated the overseas Chinese to return to the Philippine successfully.