「苕溪漁隱曰」論蘇軾、黃庭堅詩   全文下載

“Tiaoxi Yu Yin Yueh” on the Poems of Su Shih and Huang Ting-Jian

胡仔《苕溪漁隱叢話》，編寫於「最愛元祐」之南宋高宗朝，故表彰元祐學術，推崇蘇軾、黃庭堅詩。《叢話》集北宋以來詩學文獻之大成，每有評論考證，則揭「苕溪漁隱曰」以示例，既裨補《詩總》闕漏之史料，又徵存宋詩特色之原委。蘇軾、黃庭堅為形塑宋詩特色之推手，本文梳理胡仔品藻蘇、黃之文字，大要有二端：一、推崇元祐學術（詩歌），標榜蘇軾、黃庭堅之人格與風格，提倡「師少陵而友江西」。二、考求用典與出處，體現蘇軾、黃庭堅「無一字無來處」之詩風；而釋疑辨誤，體現「資書以為詩」之習氣。由「苕溪漁隱曰」之論列，知胡仔此書有類書便利翻檢之功。蓋以之切磋觸發，作詩典則有法，炫博如類書，或作為取資之用；而蘇、黃與江西詩風，此中消息可見。

Hu Zi's Tiaoxi Yu Yin Ts'ung Hua was an accomplished work at the start of the Southern Sung period, when scholars favored Yuan-You studies. At the time, a growing liberal political environment resulted in this book honoring Yuan-You academic achievements by advocating prestigious poets such as Su Shih and Huang Ting-Jian. The collected works contain many canonical compositions of the Northern Sung era, with elaborate comments and documentaries, marked “Tiaoxi Yu Yin Yueh” as the general note. It not only supplements The Anthology of Poetry, in which certain works were banned (due to censorship), but also preserves the detailed characteristic formation of Sung poetry. As everyone knows, Su Shih and Huang Ting-Jian promote the characteristic formation of Sung poetry, and we could realize this process through Hu Zi's comments on these two poets. Hu's comments on Su and Huang's works show two aims: first, to uphold Yuan-You studies, to commend the two masters' personalities and literary styles, and to act out “following Du Fu and accompanying with the Poetic School of Jiangxi;” and second, to elaborate the allusions and source of Su and Huang's poems, reflecting the style “every word has its allusions” and the fashion “use knowledge to write poems.” These are the key points that differentiate Sung and Tang poetry. An examination of “Tiaoxi Yu Yin Yueh” reveals that Hu Zi uses a variety of sources from different schools to collect various documentaries of that time. As Taoist Pai-Shih Shih Shuo states, the original function of Shihua is to help beginners compose their own poems. However, it could also help veterans learn from each other by exchanging views. This is perhaps the reason that Hu Zi holds Tiaoxi Yu Yin Ts'ung Hua in such high esteem.