使命型創業家的立命與立業：內聖外王的實踐歷程

Becoming a Missionary Entrepreneur: The Process of “Sageness Within; Kingliness Without”

「使命型創業家」此一概念被提出來之後，即受到許多研究者的重視，關鍵在於使命型創業家的創業目的，並非只是為了個人利益，而是具有更高層的社會意義，其對於社會經濟與產業創新更是具有重要的影響。使命型創業家雖然重要，但至今仍有二個未解的關鍵問題：第一，為何一個人會成為使命型的創業家？第二，使命型創業家如何外化自我價值建立使命型企業？為解決上述二個問題，本研究選取一位具有代表性的使命型創業家為研究對象，以華人傳統文化的觀點切入，進行深入的個案研究，瞭解使命型創業家自我認定的形成與外化過程。結果顯示：創業家自我擴張的過程，大致上可區分為「自我認定」、「創業家角色認定」及「集體性組織認定」三個階段；其內涵之形成與轉化皆可呼應華人修身濟世的傳統價值，三種認定具有相同的核心價值，但由於環境因素與其扮演的角色有所不同，因而各階段衍生出來的認定表徵略有差異；據此本研究建立了初步的理論模型，而可釐清使命型創業家的養成與價值外化過程。

Missionary identity entrepreneurship has become a popular topic in organizational behavior research because these people do not start businesses for their own profit, but rather for the purpose of greater social well-being. Two important puzzles regarding missionary identity entrepreneurship remain unsolved. First, why does a person with a missionary identity become an entrepreneur? Second, how do those with a missionary identity externalize their values through entrepreneurship to shape a collective social identity? To answer these two questions, we interviewed typical missionary identity entrepreneurs in Taiwan. The results of our analysis indicated that formation of a missionary identity entrepreneur is highly related to environment and culture. There are three stages in this process: personal identity, entrepreneur role identity, and collective social identity. These three stages share the same core values, but they have different forms of expression because of different environmental factors. Based on these findings, we proposed a theoretical model of missionary identity entrepreneur development.