臺灣東部地區青少女孕產婦之家庭特性

Family Characteristics Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy in Eastern Taiwan

過去有關青少女懷孕之研究多探討人口學特性，其家庭功能之相關研究及資料有限，本研究目的比較懷孕青少女與成年女性在家庭特性和家庭功能上的差異。本研究是以花蓮市內兩所教學醫院內接受產前檢查或生產之孕婦為對象，是一橫斷式之面訪調查，評估孕婦之人口學、冒險行為及家庭功能。本研究以96位未成年（15-19歲）及214位成年（20-24歲）孕婦的回答進行分析。與成年孕婦比較，發現未成年孕婦明顯較多是原住民、低教育程度、學業成績較差、及懷孕時是未婚，又較高比例其生父母親之婚姻關係是分離或喪偶、及其生母或姐妹有未成年生育的經驗；未成年孕婦被界定為“嚴重的家庭失能”比例(10.8%)明顯較成年孕婦(6.5%)高；冒險行為在未成年孕婦也較常見，在家裡感到不甚愉快及父母親分離者是影響青少女懷孕的重要危險因素。建議篩檢家庭功能異常之青少女，未成年懷孕相關防治活動需考慮與其家人共同合作進行。

Adolescent pregnancy has been well studied from a demographic risk perspective, but less data examining the family function of adolescent mothers are available. We aimed to study the family characteristics and family function as associations with adolescent mothers(aged 15-19), as compared to young adults(aged 20-24) childbearing. A cross-sectional study was undertaken at two teaching hospitals in Hualien City. Subjects were interviewed and completed the following questionnaires: demographic characteristics, risk-taking behavior and Family APGAR score. Data from 96 adolescent and 214 young adult pregnant women were studied. Compared to young adult mothers, adolescent mothers were significantly more likely being aborigines, with lower education level, poorer school performance, unmarried at pregnancy and parental marital status were separated or widowed. More than half mothers or sisters in adolescent mothers had experience of child bearing in adolescence. And 10.8% adolescent mothers were classified as ”severe family dysfunction” in contrast to 6.5% of young adult mothers. Risk-taking behaviors were also more common among adolescent mothers. Less happiness at home and parents separated or divorced were important risk factors for childbearing in adolescents. It is suggested that screening adolescents for family dysfunction and prevention programs on adolescent pregnancy should be worked with their families.