周濟與南宋典雅詞派

Chou Chi and the Elegant Tz'u of the Southern Sung

本文主要是從三方面探討周濟對南宋典雅派諸家詞的看法：首先，論周濟對浙派姜張詞統的反思－－周濟破浙派的姜張詞統，立一以王沂孫、吳文英、辛棄疾為法，歸宗於周邦彥的學詞門徑，體系相當完備；在較論典雅派各家優劣、探討諸家淵源方面，最值得注意的是貶抑了姜張、提昇了吳王這一論調，以及綰合周與吳、辛與姜關係的看法；透過各種比較分析，無疑增加了我們對諸家詞風同異得失的了解。其次，論周濟的南北宋之辨－－在這一論題上，周濟提出了相當完整而有創意的理論，知其然而又知其所以然；這樣透過與北宋風格的比較對照，以吳王姜張為代表的南宋詞風的特色則更明白地顯露了出來（所謂「南宋」詞，指的是一種有門徑可學而富寄託的詞；它研麗工雅，絕無拙率之病，但卻欠自然之趣，難臻渾涵之詣）。最後，分析周濟對姜吳二家詞的批評－－周濟論白石詞情，直探作者的意識及其作品的感染力，開王國維有格無情之說；而論夢窗詞筆，由表層的密麗深入剖析作者行筆運氣的精彩處，更影響往後一般的夢窗詞論。總之，周濟對南宋典雅詞派「體」「派」特質的詮釋，相當精審，在這些論題上提出了不少突破性的看法，影響深遠，很值得肯定。

This paper aims to explore three aspects of Chou Chi's critical comments on the Elegant tz'u of the Southern Sung. First of all, it examines Chou's reflections on the Chiang (K'uei)-Chang (Yin) approach of the Che-chiang school. In place of that approach, Chou proposed to study tz'u by following the schedule beginning from Wang I-sun, Wu Wen-ying and Hsin Ch'i-chi to Chou Pang-yen. Having re-evaluated various authors of the Elegant tz'u, Chou argued that Wu and Wang were better poets than Chiang and Chang. After tracing the origins of different writing styles, Chou concluded that Chou Pang-yen had had much influence on Wu, and so did Chin on Chiang. Secondly, this study analyzes the way in which Chou Chi distinguished between the Northern and Southern Sungs in terms of their respective styles of tz'u. Well-versed in the poetics of tz'u, Chou was quite successful and creative in making a distinction between these two kinds of tz'u. According to Chou, the tz'u of the Southern Sung, represented by the Elegant tz'u, is artistic, glamorous, delicate, and allusive. In contrast to its counterpart of the Northern Sung, however, this style of the Southern Sung is inferior because it is too artificial to express one's feelings. Finally, this discussion explicates Chou Chi's criticism of Chiang K'uei and Wu Wen-ying. Chou studied in depth the emotional appeal of Chiang and the witing style of Wu. His viewpoints, further, had much influence on critics of the late Ch'ing. To sum up, among studies on the Elegant tz'u, Chou's work has proved not only meticulous but also essential.