職災基本指標因子強度灰關聯評估

An Assessment of Occupational Accident Impact Factors Using the Grey System

本研究旨在探討發生職業災害指標性關鍵因子，藉由瞭解在安全衛生管理層面關鍵因素，作為強化或改善管理的方針，以降低災害可能造成的損失及傷亡。研究資料來源採摘自勞工委員會北區勞動檢查所，92 年及 93 年記載的職災案例。由搜集之職災案例做基本原因分類後，大致歸納出危害認知不足、缺乏安全管理機制、未設安全衛生人員及業務主管、未落實教育訓練、未訂定安全衛生工作守則、未實施自動檢查等六項基本原因。研究方法係運用灰色系統理論的灰關聯分析，以上述前六種基本原因做為指標因子，進行整體性灰關聯度的計算，並經由分析獲得六種基本原因的相互依存關係。綜合分析相互的關係後，發現各項指標因子在安全衛生管理工作上疏忽的序位，依次為缺乏安全管理機制、未設安全衛生人員及主管、未落實教育訓練、未實施自動檢查、未訂定安全衛生工作守則與危害認知不足，本研究針對職災類型基本原因中指標因子之間的關聯度，得以瞭解關鍵因素所在，進而對症下藥，提出管理面上的重點預防工作，以保障勞工生命財產的安全。

This study is designed to pinpoint critical factors in occupational accidents, so that the knowledge gained can be used to reduce losses, injuries and fatalities. The data were collected from the Northern Region Inspection Office of the Council of Labor Affairs. The occupational accident cases were used to perform the critical factor classification. This study uses the grey relational analysis of the grey systematic theory. With the first six of the critical factors compiled from the accident database as impact factors, the total grey relationship is then calculated and the interdependence relationship among the critical factors is established. After analyzing the mutual relationship, the critical factors, ranked by importance, are found to be lack of safety management arrangements, insufficient safety and health management staff, inadequate education and training, lack of self-inspection programs, absence of work rules or procedures, and lack of awareness of potential hazards. These results coincide with the real critical factors of occupational accidents. Furthermore, the methodology presented in this study can be applied to address the important issues of occupational safety and health management systems.