《三里灣》與趙樹理鄉村烏托邦的「另類」書寫

The Alternative Writing of Utopia in Rural China in Zhao Shuli’s Sanliwan Village

關於毛時代中國農村的合作化運動歷史，迄今存在三種主要闡釋模式，即社會主義範式、啟蒙主義思路和現代化理論。著名作家趙樹理於1955年出版的《三里灣》，作為當代第一部表現這一運動的長篇小說，展現了不同於上述三種模式的另類性。論文基於趙樹理創作這一小說的過程、語境和訴求，從其獨特的文學再現形式和鄉村烏托邦敘事的歷史內涵這兩個層面，分析小說文本書寫的獨特性所在。在反思「文學」、「個體／主體」、「社會」、「村莊」、「中國」、「現代性」等基本範疇的基礎上，通過重新解讀《三里灣》，力求從認識論和方法論角度，突出一種基於鄉村社會傳統延續性而構建「社會主義」與「現代化」互相推進的歷史／文學想像的可能性。

There are three main perspectives to expound the history of The Cooperative Movement in Mao’s China: socialist paradigm, enlightenment and modernization. While as the first novel that illustrates this movement, Zhao Shuli’s Sanliwan Village published in 1955 employs an alternative way. Based on the process, context and appeal of Zhao’s writing, this paper analyzes the unique literary representation in this novel and the historic connotation of the Utopia narrative of rural China. After examining terms such as ‘literature’, ‘individual/subject’, ‘society’, ‘village’, ‘China’ and ‘modernity’, this paper intends to re-read Sanliwan Village from the perspectives of epistemology and methodology, proposing the possibility of the construction of historic/ literary imagination which combines both socialism and modernization on the basis of continuity of tradition.