動產抵押對抗規則研究

Study on Confrontation Rules of Chattel Mortgage

當多個動產抵押權競存、一般動產抵押權與浮動抵押權競存、動產抵押權與質權競存時，不區分“善意惡意”，統一按照公示的先後順序決定優先順位元。動產抵押權人與擔保物買受人競存時，若買受人屬於“正常交易中的買受人”，無論抵押權是否登記，也無論買受人是否知道抵押權，買受人都無負擔地取得標的物 所有權；若買受人並非“正常交易中的買受人”，則僅在抵押權未登記，且買受人善意時，買受人無負擔地取得標的物所有權；若抵押權已經登記，無論買受人是否為善意，抵押權都優先。現行的所有權保留制度與動產抵押制度存在衝突，未來有必要建立所有權保留的公示制度。

When the coexistence of several chattel mortgages occurs, or the coexistence of chattel mortgage and floating charge occurs, or the coexistence of chattel mortgage and pledge occurs, priority should be made without considerations of publicity sequences, without distinction of bona fide and mala fide. When the coexistence of chattel mortgagee and the buyer of guaranty occurs, (1) if the buyer is in ordinary course of business, the buyer could obtain the ownership of the object without any burdens, no matter whether mortgage has been registered and whether the buyer knows the existence of the mortgage; (2) if the buyer is not in ordinary course of business, only when the mortgagee made no registration and in bona fide, the buyer could obtain the object without any burdens; if the mortgagee made registration before the possession of the object by the buyer, no matter whether the buyer is in bona fide, mortgagee enjoys the priority. Due to the conflict of the ownership reservation and chattel mortgage, therefore it is necessary to establish a complete registration system.