財產權限制的行政補償判斷標準

Judgment Criterion for Administrative Recuperation in Property Right Limitation

現代社會中私有財產受到公權力限制的情況屢見不鮮。日本憲法和法律規定，國家為了公共利益有權限制財產權，並同時規定了補償制度，但沒有明確補償的判斷標準。理論界基於權利人、規制行為和財產為中心分別歸納出多種補償判斷標準，而司法判決則以財產權的損失作為是否補償的出發點，並以財產權的性質判斷是否存在特別犧牲。財產權限制行政補償判斷標準首先可以劃分為限制標準（行為）與補償標準（損失），其中對損失的界定又存在“特別”標準與“犧牲”標準，再進而對“犧牲”進行解釋並在財產權限制的多發領域尋求以狀況拘束性理論作為最終判斷標準。以財產權限制補償判斷標準為契機，有必要以特別犧牲概念為核心重新審視行政補償概念。

The private property is restricted by public power in modern society. The constitution and law provided the limitation of property right and the loss compensation system without clear compensation standard. Theorists, based on the parties, behavior regulation and property for the center separately, summarize many kinds of compensation standard, while judgment regards the loss of property rights as the start point of compensation, and takes the nature of property rights as the standard of the special sacrifice. Property right limit compensation standard can be divided into limit standard (behavior) and compensation standard (losses). The definition of losses can be separated into 'special' standard and 'sacrifice' standard. Moreover, the property right limit compensation explains the 'sacrifice' and seeks the state constraint theory as the final standard. In this case, it is the opportunity to explore the property right limit compensation standard, and reconstructs the administrative recuperation concept based on special sacrifice.