論被救助者對見義勇為者所受損害的賠償義務

On the Rescuee's Duty of Compensation for the Loss of Rescuer in Emergency Cases

見義勇為者在遭受損害時，依據無因管理規定對被救助者享有損害賠償請求權，而《侵權責任法》第23條僅在見義勇為者無法通過無因管理規定、侵權損害賠償以及國家救助渠道時補充適用。為了避免評價矛盾，被救助者依據無因管理規定負擔的賠償義務和《侵權責任法》第23條中的受益人補償義務都不適用完全賠償原則。但是，見義勇為者僅在損害源於見義勇為的特定風險時，方可向被救助者主張無因管理之賠償請求權或《侵權責任法》第23條規定的適當補償請求權。見義勇為者所受損害，應當通過國家救助、侵權責任、無因管理和受益人補償義務等多元化渠道獲得救濟。

The Good Samaritan has a right against the rescuee for the reimbursement when the prerequisite of benevolent intervention is satisfied He can claim compensation for his damage. However, Art. 23 of Tort Law is only applicable when the good sameritan can not obtain the compensation neither from the tortfeasor according to the tort law nor from the rescuee according to the benevolent intervention law. The good sameritan is entitled to only proper compensation from the rescuee, basing on Art. 23 of Tort Law or Art. 93 of general principles of civil law. The damage suffered by the good sameritan must result from the realization of the specific immanent risk of the rescue activity. A remedy for the damage of the good sameritan through the pluralistic mechanism is highly recommended.