臺灣原住民政治效能感之分析

Abramson曾指出，政治效能感是僅次於政黨認同，學者研究最多的政治態度。在臺灣學界，政治效能感這個主題同樣受到學者們的重視，研究成果也相當豐碩。不過，這些研究多是針對所有選民所進行的，少有特別以少數族群作為對象的研究。在台灣的政治中，相對於其他族群，原住民可說是相當弱勢，根據相關文獻，政治效能感指的是民眾對於自身瞭解政治能力之評估，以及自認為對於政策決定過程影響程度的主觀認知，在這種長期被忽略的狀況下，相較於漢人，原住民的政治效能感是否可能處於較為低落的狀態？是本研究第一個想探討的問題。第二個研究問題則是有哪些因素會影響原住民的政治效能感。過去學界研究發現許多影響政治效能感的因素，例如政黨認同；教育程度；社會網絡等，本研究除了將檢視這些因素是否同樣能夠適用於解釋原住民的政治效能感之外，也納入原住民的族群（與政治賦權相關）；所屬教會（與政治動員相關）進行分析。研究結果顯示，原住民選民的內在政治效能屬與漢人並無顯著差異﹔外在政治效能廠方面，原住民選民在「官員不在乎」這個題項的效能感較高，其原因可能是中央政府層級有原住民族委員會，因此相對於漢人選民，有較高的效能感。另外在影響政治效能感的因素方面，族群與宗教因素並未如預期對於原住民的政治效能感產生顯著影響，但政治賦權中的藍綠認同則明顯地發揮作用，顯示在原住民社會當中，國民黨的確居於相當優勢的主導地位。

Political efficacy has been intensively studied by political scholars. However, m Taiwan, none of the related researches focus on minority voter. As a result, we know nothing about the sense of political efficacy of Taiwan’s indigenous voters. In order to broaden our understanding on it, the research would like to study (1) whether or not indigenous voters have lower level of the sense of political efficacy; and (2) which factors may affect their sense of political efficacy Many Past researches argued that party identification, education, social network may affect voter’s political efficacy . Therefore, this research is going to exam these factors. Furthermore, political empowerment and religion will also be brought into the model. The research findings indicate there are no obvious differences between indigenous voters and Han voters in terms of internal political efficacy. In terms of external political efficacy, indigenous voters think that government officials do care about them. Our explanation is that the officials of the Council of Indigenous Affairs do visit tribes regularly which increase indigenous voters’ sense of external political efficacy. However, race and religion do not affect the sense of indigenous voters’ sense of political efficacy as expected but party identification does. Therefore, this finding confirms that KMT does dominate the indigenous electoral politics.