校園規劃的遠景與機制：一個都市設計範型

Vision & Mechanism of Campus Planning: An Urban Design Prototype

都市設計已漸成為全球性的風潮，雖然學術的範疇與領域尚不明確，但其定義已由過去偏重實質元素演變為較周延的“成效性向度”(dimensions of performance)。都市設計工作之推動雖因不同都市之組織與體制而有不同，其內涵則漸傾向“設計”與“規範”並重，兼含“遠景(vision)”與“機制(mechanism)”二大要素。遠景乃是對都市發展的主見，機制乃是達成遠景的手段。校園規劃是都市設計的範型；校園多樣性的活動設施與使用類型如同小型都市；校園規劃也有類似都市計畫的分區使用構想。許多“大學城” 甚至比鄰近的城鎮有更長久的歷史，校園面臨的轉型擴張、規範與管理等議題也是都市設計與治理的挑戰，需成立專責機構建立長期運作的規範。校園規劃是動態的過程而不是靜定的藍圖。對“好的校園形式”的解讀與追求也有不同的意涵。本文類比校園規劃與都市設計程序，從都市設計之理念探討校園規劃的遠景與機制，對校園規劃與環境管理作概念性的探討，冀能尋得一個適當的規劃、規範架構，作為未來校園規劃工作之參考。

For the past decades, the work of Urban Design has become a global trend. Although the precise scope is yet to be defined by academic field, the focus of practical work has shifted from physical elements to the pursuit of “Dimensions of Performance”. The implementation of urban design varies and subject to different legal and organizational structures. The scope of work has gradually incorporated both vision and mechanism. The challenge of campus planning is a prototype of urban design. The diversity and autonomy of various functions in a campus operate like a small city. The campus planning also involves designation and coordination of various zones that were traditionally adapted by urban planning and design. Many campuses have even longer history than its neighboring cities and towns. The challenges a campus encountered such as transformation, expansion and growth management is similar to a real city that demands a long-term ad hoc organization with comprehensive operational structure and procedure. Campus planning is a dynamic process rather than a static blue print. The pursuit and interpretation of “Good Campus Form” also denominated different meanings. This article intends to analogue the campus planning and urban design process. Using the urban design theory and concept to examine the vision and mechanism of campus planning. It is anticipated that this investigation will provide a conceptual structure that will contribute to the future work of campus planning and design.