農村環境生物多樣性研究——以屏東縣五溝村水圳地景為例

A Biodiversity Study on the Rural Ditch Landscape in the Wuggo Village, Pingtung County, Taiwan

本研究目的在建立五溝村生物與空間之基礎資料，探討水生昆蟲、鳥類、植物、地景之多樣性與相對之水質、水文條件，作為塑造農村生物多樣性環境的依據。研究地點於屏東縣五溝村，選定11個調查地點建立水生昆蟲、植物、地景多樣性指數(Shannon-Wiener Index)、空間結構指數(Spatial Structure Index)；水質與水文資料，同樣範圍再選定6個地區建立鳥類、地景多樣性資料，於2004年期間進行三次的調查。研究理論係根據生物質量、環境品質與空間型態三種條件之交互作用來探討農村環境生物多樣性，並應用相關係數與變異數(ANOVA)分析法來檢定三者的關係。研究結果顯示，水質在低污染接近中度污染的水生昆蟲多樣性(＞2)普遍高於水質在未受或稍受污染的水生昆蟲多樣性(＜2)。影響水生昆蟲多樣性的條件除了水文、水質之外，空間結構指數達0.5 以上時，水生昆蟲多樣性指數具0.91-2.37之水準。統計結果顯示，水生昆蟲多樣性與空間結構指數在統計上有正相關，水生昆蟲與剖面結構的相關性具顯著性；但是水生昆蟲與地景多樣性在統計上卻呈現負相關，同時鳥類多樣性與地景多樣性在統計上亦呈現正相關。統計分析結果顯示，環境品質與空間型態均會對生物質量產生影響，同時環境品質與空間型態的交互作用對生物質量的影響亦具顯著性。因此，空間結構指數應用地點尺度來探討生物多樣性應是極為重要且必要的。生物多樣性指數與空間結構指數應可提供更具體客觀的參數。

The purpose of this study is to analyze biodiversity indexes that are based on ecological (biotic and spatial) data, in order to provide strategies for a rural environment on biodiversity. It includes the diversity index of aquatic insects, plantations, birds, landscape, and spatial structure index (SSI), as well as the hydrological data and water quality index. From January to July 2004, three field visits were done to eleven sites located on the ditches of the Wuggo village. In this area, six sites were selected to build up the landscape and bird diversity index. The relationships between biota, space, and environmental quality are tested by statistics, such as Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA. The results show that aquatic insects diversity (> 2) at low but close to middle polluted water is higher then at none or slight polluted water(< 2). Except for hydrology and water quality, the condition influencing aquatic insects is SSI. Only the SSI reaches above 0.5, aquatic insect diversity can have the level of 0.91-2.37. In statistics, it displays that at the district level, landscape diversity is related to bird diversity, while at the location level, the spatial structure is related to aquatic insect diversity. The correlation between aquatic insect diversity and sectional structure is significant. Under the same conditions of environmental qualities, the influence of spatial pattern upon biota is significant. In statistics, environmental quality and spatial pattern both have significant influence on biodiversity of aquatic insects. The interaction between environmental quality and spatial pattern also has significant influence on biodiversity of aquatic insects. Therefore, applying SSI to discuss biodiversity is necessary and important. Spatial structure index and biodiversity index can be useful and objective references.