氣候環境調適的推手——日本殖民臺灣熱帶建築知識體系

Climatic and Environmental Modification---Knowledge System of Tropical Architecture during the Japanese Colonial Period in Taiwan

日本殖民臺灣之後引進日本營造體系所發展的殖民建築，因為氣候環境的差異，曾歷經殖民者的重塑以達成適合殖民地居住的理想。臺灣氣候環境被日本視為與熱帶類似，因此建築必須具備「熱帶建築」的特質。在殖民五十年間日本經由知識與經驗的獲取逐步累積對於臺灣熱帶殖民建築的營建能力。透過本研究的討論，可以歸納出臺灣殖民建築氣候環境調適是基於確保殖民者居住舒適與衛生，並且具經濟性的考量因素，一方面透過閱讀報告書與健康手冊，以及海外實地考察等方式向外求取歐美熱帶殖民地的建築經驗；另一方面在殖民母國內部透過臺灣總督府營繕機構技師群、臺灣總督府研究所與日本本地學者等進行專業研究，來進行殖民建築的改造，以求適合於臺灣氣候環境中使用。此為日本殖民臺灣熱帶建築之知識體系，也就是促成殖民建築氣候環境調適的推動力。

The colonial architecture in Taiwan was modificated by the Japanese to adapt to the environment and climate. Because of the subtropical and tropical location of Taiwan, the Japanese thought that the colonial architecture in Taiwan must possess the characteristics of the tropical architecture. Therefore, the Japanese accumulated many experiences and knowledge gradually for building tropical architecture during these fifty years. This study reveals that the factors of the modification for colonial architecture were hygiene and economy. There were two ways which the Japanese learned experiences and knowledge about building tropical colonial architecture. One way was to study from the Western colonies by the reports, the manuals and the abroad investigations. The other was the achievements of the researches provided by the architects of Taiwan Governor-General’s Office, the researchers of the Research Center of Taiwan Governor-General’s Office and the scholars in Japan. These ways formed a knowledge system of Japanese tropical colonial architecture. These ways also were the driving force of climatic and environmental modulation of the colonial architecture in Taiwan.