以蜻蜓生物托邦（biotope）為導向的生態地景設計模式及其應用範例

An Ecological Landscape Design Model for Biotopes of Dragonflies and Its Application

本文主要目的是要建立一個以蜻蜓生物托邦為導向之生態地景設計模式，探討農村環境指標物種蜻蜓生息與地景空間型態的對應關係，將所得結果實際應用於生態地景設計與營造，作為塑造生物多樣性農村環境的基礎研究與應用。首先就相關文獻探討生物托邦的涵義與生物托邦型態，進而藉由屏東縣南仁山谷湖濕地之蜻蜓調查，特別是針對細鉤春蜓與粗鉤春蜓在同一水域之生態席位比較研究，歸納蜻蜓生命史各階段對應之地景元素、地景條件與原則。最後應用蜻蜓生物托邦之概念於崁頂生態公園，其生態地景設計在規劃層次上考慮不同型態之流水與止水域空間的配置以及複層密林植被與豐富之水生植物的應用；並且從整地與排水、土地使用區分與動線系統、植被類型與植材選定、生態工法與親水細部構想進行設計與營造。

The purpose of this essay is to establish a model of dragonfly biotopes design in rural landscape. Through studying the biotopes of one of the indicator species of rural environment, the dragonfly, and exploring the relationships between biota and space, I apply the result to the landscape design of an ecological park on biodiversity. Firstly, from literature review, I clarify the meanings of a biotope and its various types of dragonflies. Secondly, from the investigations of dragonfly (Odonata) in Gufu wetland at Nanren Mountain, especially the comparative study of ecological niches between Ictinogomphus rapax and Sinictinogomphus clavatus, landscape elements, landscape conditions, and construction principles corresponding to the dragonfly life cycle and its the ecological niches are also concluded. Finally, I apply the concepts of dragonfly’s biotopes to Kanding ecological park. Various types of lentic and lotic freshwaters surrounded by abundant hydrophytes and multi layers trees are planned. Besides, ecological landscape design with construction proceeds in terms of the following aspects: site gradation and sewage system, circulations and land use, plantation types and materials, and ecological construction methods with waterfront design details.