從西方近代都市設計思潮的發展看臺灣都市設計專業的定位

The Development of Contemporary Urban Design Thoughts and Redefining the Urban Design Profession in Taiwan

近代都市設計思潮與台灣都市設計專業之關係，一直是規劃設計理論與實務上一個值得深入探討的研究課題。本研究檢視西方近代都市設計思潮發展的脈絡及核心理念，並藉此省思台灣都市設計專業所面臨之問題。經由文獻評述及思潮發展分析，本研究歸納出八個近代西方都市設計思潮的基本類型。研究結果顯示，思潮發展趨向於以強調跨領域整合性、整體性、生態系統完整性、多元性及參與性的理論架構來整合相關的理念，而生態都市（永續都市）思潮應可做為建構都市設計新典範的基礎。經由都市設計思潮內涵及都市設計案例之分析，本研究也發現目前台灣都市設計專業運作正面臨幾個待解決的問題，包括：思潮移入的過程中缺乏本土性的省思；願景式的都市設計，缺乏有效的落實機制；過度開發導向的都市設計操作；建築及空間形式處理重於對使用者需求及人本價值的關懷；以及缺乏動態調整的都市設計程序及環境經營管理機制。透過文獻及案例分析，與專業者意見調查分析，本研究歸納出都市設計的核心價值，並以都市設計的四個面向：(1)理論與知識論基礎，(2)核心價值與定義，(3)制度與機制設計，(4)程序與工具角色，提出對於都市設計專業再定位的建議。

The relationship between urban design thoughts and urban design profession has become an important research issue in both academic and professional fields. This paper explores the development of contemporary urban design thoughts as well as their influences on the urban design practice in Taiwan. Starting from a critical review of the meaning of urban design and the key concepts of the major urban design thoughts, this paper attempts to classify contemporary urban design thoughts in several major categories in order to compare the contents and the development of these thoughts. Through literature review and our empirical study, this study finds that a new urban design paradigm that encourages multi-discipline cooperation, totality, ecological integrity, diversity, and public involvement is emerging, and the concept of eco-city and sustainable city may serve as a corner stone to build this paradigm. By employing research methods including case studies, questionnaire survey, and interview, the empirical study also identifies the major problems of current urban design practice in Taiwan, and provides operational suggestions for redefining the urban design profession and improving urban design practice in Taiwan.