視力保健單元教學對國小中年級學童視力保健知識、態度、行為之成效研究

The effectiveness of Vision Care Teaching on Vision Care Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors among the 3rd and 4th Graders of Elementary School

目的：旨在探討視力保健單元教學對國小中年級學童視力保健知識、態度與行為之成效。方法：採準實驗雙組前後測設計，以國小三、四級學生共有94位參與本研究，實驗組、對照組各有47人。實驗組接受「美麗新『視』界單元教學」介入3個月（包括教學課程與活動、家庭聯絡簿學習單及檢核表）；對照組採九年一貫課程內容教學。於介入前完成前測問卷，介入後則進行後測。結果：實驗組接受介入後在知識方面後測為5.47分，對照組為4.31分；態度方面實驗組後測為22.57分，對照組為21.16分；行為方面實驗組後測為9.38分，對照組為5.96分，三者皆達顯著差異（p<.001，p<.05，p<.001）。除此之外學校E字表篩檢對於介入前小於等於0.7~0.8之視力不良學生（12人）進行視力檢查，結果發現介入後恢復到0.9~1.0之人數達3人（25%）。而在質性資料方面，學生表示能將課程內容落實於日常生活，並常提醒自己注意光線與距離；護眼健康動畫很可愛，學生很喜歡，參與度也很高。結論：本研究發現提供視力保健教育介入對學童視力保健知識、態度、行為具有立即成效。建議日後在推廣視力保健教學時，可同步實施家長教育，即是希望家長支持檢核表，主要包括電腦使用行為、居家閱讀行為、家庭生活型態，應用家庭聯絡簿學習單及檢核表，以達到學習效果。

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of vision care teaching on vision care knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among the 3rd and 4th graders of elementary school.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study included a pre-post test design with both an experimental group and a control group. Study subjects were the 3rd and 4th graders of an elementary school in Nantou County. The experimental group consisted of 47 students undertaking three month intervention named “a beautiful and new field of vision”(including teaching courses and activities, worksheets for family contact book, and checklists). Grade 1-9 Curriculum was applied for 47 students in the control group. The effectiveness was assessed using a vision care questionnaire developed according to “The Study of Health Promoting Activities in Schools” conducted by “Taiwan Health Promoting School”. Results: Homogeneity of experimental group and control group was observed in pretest. The experimental group had a posttest score of 5.47 of eye care knowledge, which was significantly higher than a score of 4.31 observed in the control group (t = 7.24, p<.001). The posttest score of vision care attitudes in experimental group was significantly higher than control group (22.57 versus 21.16, t = 2.61, p<.05). The experimental group also had a significantly higher score in vision care behaviors in posttest as compared with control group (9.38 versus 5.96, t = 4.59, p<.001). Furthermore, among the 12 students with poor eyesight have been checked by Snellen's E chart screening in school, the vision ability of 3 students (25%) was improved to 0.9~1.0 after the intervention from less than 0.7~ 0.8 before the intervention. Qualitative data indicated that these students were able to implement the course content to daily life, and to pay attention to the light sources and vision distance. The animation for eye health care was cute and drew a high participation for students. However, some parents responded that the content of checklists were a bit too much.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the intervention of vision health education had an immediate effectiveness on promoting vision care knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among school children. For the promotion of vision care education, it is recommended that the government and relevant education authorities should simultaneously implement parent education in the community. Namely, it is expected that parent can support simplified checklists mainly including behavior of computer use, reading conduct at home and lifestyle of family. The application of worksheets of family contact book and further simplified checklists are suggested to achieve the learning outcomes.