探討吸菸大專生參與戒菸計畫的動機與障礙之現況分析

本研究目的旨在探討吸菸大專生參加戒菸計畫的動機及影響因素。本研究為描述性設計，於民國92年11月至12月期間，在南部某私立大學招募自願的吸菸學生共100名。資料收集方法包含結構性問卷內容共15題，以受訪者自填式進行，半結構性問卷內容共5題，以受過訓練的訪談員進行會談，並且訪談過程以錄音帶錄音，訪談結束後將錄音帶繕打整理為逐字稿，82人接受訪談。結構性問卷資料使用描述性統計的次數、百分比、平均值、標準差分析。半結構性問卷的訪談資料進行編碼，歸納單元及分類分析，再做次數和百分比計算。結果顯示本樣本中男生佔多數(97.6％)，平均年齡21.8±1.7歲，開始吸菸平均年齡為16.8±2.8歲，過去一個月的吸菸總量平均360.0支，過去一年曾有24小時戒菸經驗者有75.6％。朋友群中吸菸的比例，以大部份吸菸及全部吸菸者佔56.1％。有意願參與校園戒菸計畫的吸菸者14人(17％)及沒有參與意願者68人(83％)，其戒菸動機主要皆為基於健康維護因素、男女朋友要求、家人。過去一年曾24小時戒菸經驗者62人，其戒菸困難因素為同儕吸菸、習慣、生活或課業壓力緊張、戒斷症狀。對於戒菸計畫的建議，宿舍、吸菸區是加強宣傳的地點，設計有學分的戒菸課程，最好與醫院合辦才有號召力，戒菸課程的內容要有活動和互動性，需有尼古丁替代治療，以及要做持續追蹤。研究結果可作為大專院校的衛生專業人員在設計戒菸計畫的參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate motives and enhancement factors for participating in school-based smoking cessation programs among undergraduate smokers. The descriptive survey was conducted in a university in southern Taiwan from November to December in 2003. One hundred student smokers were recruited. Data was collected by the self-administrated structure questionnaire and the interview. The interview guideline is a semi-structure questionnaire. Only eight-two student smokers completed the interview. The interview was tape recorded and translated into the text. Descriptive statistics were used for structure questionnaire and content analysis for the interview data. The results showed that 82 participants smoked an average of 360.0 cigarettes per month, their average age was 21.8 years (±1.7), and 97.6% were men. On average, they began smoking regularly when they were 16.8 years old. 75.6 percent smokers had quit experience for 24 hours in the past year. 56.1 percent student smokers expressed that their friends were almost smokers. Fourteen students (17%) wanted to participate in the smoking cessation programs and eighty-three (83%) did not want to. They all reported health maintenance, boy/girl friends, and family factors as the major reasons for quitting smoking. Sixty-two smokers reported peer pressure, habits, life/school pressure and withdrawal symptoms as the major factors for quitting difficultly. Smoker students suggested that dorm and smoking area were better places for program campaign. Smoking cessation programs can be credit courses. The university can collaborate with hospital. There are more interacting activities and less lecture, nicotine replacement therapy, and long-term follow-up in the programs. School health professionals can use these suggestions to design future programs for college students.