「應否授予婦女選舉權？」：法國國會兩院立場的衝突（1914～1940）

＂Should Women be Given the Right to Vote?＂: The Conflict of Positions between the Two Chambers of the French National Assembly (1914-1940)

為了獎勵法國婦女於一次大戰時對國家的犧牲奉獻，眾議院於戰後通過法律草案，擬授予婦女選舉權。然而，第三共和成立後，共和派與反共和勢力的鬥爭經驗，使法國某些政治人物認為共和國經常處於危險之中，因此必須加以保護；而女性被認為與反共和之勢力親近，故參議院內之激進黨對女性權利的改革裹足不前。此外，法國社會性別角色的傳統觀念也是障礙之一。因此參議院以延議之方式，間接否決婦女選舉權案，國民議會參眾兩院亦因此陷入權力較勁。由於憲法設計之缺失，參眾兩院立場歧異所形成的憲政僵局無超然機關可進行仲裁或化解，以致婦女選舉權案淪為兩院立場衝突下的犧牲品。

To reward French women's contributions to the count可during the First World War, the Chamber of Deputies passed the propositions of law in favor of women's right to vote after the war . Nevertheless, the fighting experience against anti-republican forces after the establishment of the Third Republic made some French politicians believe that the Republic was often in danger and should be protected. Women were considered to be so close to the anti-republican forces that the Radical Party in the Senate was unwilling to approve the suffrage reform. Another obstacle was the traditional concept of gender roles in French society. Hence, the conservative Senate indirectly vetoed the propositions of law by postponing the discussion. The two chambers of the National Assembly therefore started a struggle for power. Owing to the weakness of the constitution, no neutral institution could arbitrate or resolve the constitutional dilemma caused by the conflict of positions between the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Women's right to vote thus became the victim of this conflict.