網絡公共空間治理的法治原理

Legal Rationale of the Governance of Public Cyber Space

網絡公共空間能夠形成、傳遞和表達公眾的意志和利益，是政治過程的初步形態，反映了社會的自由化。法治應用於網絡公共空間的治理，要求建立滿足不同主體需求的秩序結構，同時保障民主價值和公民的自由權。它形成建設法治社會和控制國家權力的雙重治理目標，也體現了網絡治理的雙重結構。軟法之治和硬法之治是不同的工具，它們既明確了責任主體，也充分利用了服務商和公眾的參與。作為兩種效力實現模式，過程控制以依法行政為核心，司法控制則是法治終端，其成效不彰影響治理效果。國家針對公民信息自由的積極義務主要是信息公開和打擊謠言，針對言論自由主要承擔消極義務。當以國家義務之履行檢視治理行為的合憲性。

Public cyber space enables the formation, transmission and expression of the willingness and interest of general public, which can be regarded as the preliminary form of political process and demonstrates social freedom. To apply rule of law to the governance of public cyber space, an order structure satisfying the need of different subjects shall be established to protect the value of democracy and freedom of citizens. It helps form the double governance goal in building a society based on rule of law and controlling state power, which is also the double structure of cyber space governance. Both the rule of soft law and hard law are useful instruments to clarify the objects of responsibility and involve both internet service providers and the public. As two different realization modes, process control centers on lawful administration, while judicial control is the last resort, the ineffectiveness of which directly impacts the result of governance. The positive obligation of the state to information freedom of the general public is information disclosure and rumor crackdown, while the state has passive obligation toward freedom of speech. The constitutionality review of the act of governance shall be in connection with the performance of state obligations.