美國《犯罪被害人權利法》擴張適用及其啟示

The Extensive Application of Crime Victims' Rights Act and Its Inspiration

《犯罪被害人權利法》標誌著美國犯罪被害人保護立法達到了頂峰，但是環境犯罪被害人的出現使該法的適用引起了爭議。反對者的主要理由是基於審判程序的複雜性、被害人的難以確定性和媒體報導所導致的不公正性，然而，支持者認為適用該法不僅不會導致審判程序複雜化，而且能夠合理地保護環境犯罪被害人的權利並保證審判的公正性。引起爭論的深層原因在於環境犯罪被害人的特殊性。美國《犯罪被害人權利法》的擴張適用對我國環境犯罪被害人的保護具有啟發意義。首先是擴展傳統犯罪被害人的定義；其次是保障環境犯罪被害人的刑事訴權；最後是完善環境犯罪被害人的救濟制度。

The Crime Victims' Rights Act marks that legislative protection of victims of crime in the U. S. reached its peak, but the emergence of victims of environmental crime makes the application more controversial. The main arguements of opponents are the complexity of the proceedings, the hardship of finding victims and the injustice caused by media coverage. But supporters believe that the application of this law causes no complexity of the proceedings and can reasonably realize victims' rights as well as guarantee trial impartiality. The underlying reason for the argument is the specialty of victims of environmental crime. The extensive application of Crime Victims' Rights Act is inspiring for victims' protection of environmental crime in China. First, expand the traditional definition of victim; second, guarantee the victims' right of environmental crime; Finally, improve relief system of victims of environmental crime.