國際投資條約中投資的確定與東道國發展的考量

The Determination of Investment and the Consideration of the Host States' Development in International Investment Treaties

根據《ICSID公約》規定，國際投資仲裁庭享有管轄權的前提是有關投資是否屬於《ICSID公約》以及相關國際投資條約規定的適格投資，而在判定適格投資的標準中，東道國發展是爭議最大的一個標準，相關仲裁庭依據“Salini標準”，在裁決中或者認為東道國發展是判定投資的標準之一，或者否認，並在措辭用語上有所不同。《ICSID公約》、世界銀行集團的相關文件以及國際投資條約對有關問題的規定表明，東道國發展是大多數國際投資法文件規定的目的或宗旨，其是裁定適格投資的參考因素，但不是必要條件。不過鑒於可持續發展原則對於國際投資活動的要求，有關投資應當有利於東道國的經濟、社會或環境方面的可持續發展，而不是純粹的經濟發展。中外雙邊投資條約中“促進締約國繁榮”的原則要適時改進。

One of the requirements of ICSID jurisdiction is that the 'investment' should be characterized as a kind of qualified investment based on ICSID provisions, while the development of the host state is one of the most controversial elements for judging the investment. Based on the Salini Test, not all the ICSID tribunals accept that the host states' development should be recognized as an element in their decisions. From the different treaties or provisions made by ICSID, the World Banks Group and international investment agreements, We can conclude that the development of the host state is one aim of most international investment treaties. The development of the host state is an element that should be taken into account when judging whether the investment exists, but not a decisive element.