去公共利益化與案件類型化－－公共利益救濟的另一條路徑

Elimination of Public Interest and Categorization of the Cases: Another Path to Public Interest Relief

新《民事訴訟法》第55條將“侵害公共利益”作為判斷案件類型並決定訴訟形式的邏輯起點，其目的本在於公益救濟，但卻因公共利益的不確定性導致了法律適用的困境，反而妨礙了對公益的有效救濟。去除第55條中的“公共利益”，通過在團體訴訟框架內案件類型的分化，卻能夠從結果意義上達成對公益的救濟。因為無論是不作為之訴還是小額多數的損害賠償之訴，均從保護個人利益邁向了保護一般權益，發揮著制止和威懾不法侵害的功能，在客觀上發揮著救濟公益的作用。

In Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law, encroachment on public interest is the logical startpoint to decide the category of the case and form of the litigation in order to remedy the public interest, while uncertainty of public interest results in the predicament when applying the law and hinders the remedy. Thus, removing public interest from Article 55 and categorization of the cases in class action might lead to remedy of the public interest. For those frequent actions for small damages or prohibitory injunctions, it is moving from protecting individual interest towards protecting general interest and deterring the unlawful infringement, objectively remedying the public interest.