康德'理性占有'思想對物權觀念的影響

The Influence of Kant's Thought 'Reason Possesion' on the Concept of Real Right

物權概念的鮮明特色在於其絕對性，這也是物權法作為一個制度體系的總特徵。物權的絕對性既有羅馬法傳統的基因，在法觀念方面更深刻地受到康德權利科學的影響。康德構想的物權是一種「理性占有」，它不同於經驗的占有，而是一種理性的擬制，因此具有理念性；它不是一種天賦的權利，而是後天的法定的類型化權利，因此具有獲得性；它的內涵不在於人對物的支配，而在於人對人的對抗，因此有對抗性。這一認識進路影響了物權法觀念，把物權始終放在法律關係的框架內，實現了物權與人身的分離、與占有的分離，並因此而實現了權利中心位移，呈現出社會化和觀念性。

Being a absolute right is the distinct feature of the concept of jus in rem(or real right), which is , also, the general character of Jus in rem Ordinance System. Not only has it the tradition of Rome law, but also deeply influenced by Kant's right science on legal concept. Jus in rem which was envisioned by Kant is kind of 'ideal possession' which is kind of fiction based on concept rather than a empirical possession, meanwhile. It is not kind of natural right but acquired legal right. And, the essence of jus in rem is of how to reject other people rather than how to control a thing. The view above-mentioned which always puts the concept of jus in rem in the frame work of juridical relation has great influence on the view on law of jus in rem. jus in rem get independence from the personality and possession. Hence, it boosted the socialization and idealization of this right concept, which realizes the transferring of focus of right.