論動產與不動產的劃分

On the Severance of Personal Property and Real Property

動產與不動產的劃分在大陸法系國家和地區的法律制度體系中據有十分重要的地位。動產與不動產劃分的動因包括歷史生成、功能實現與介質觀念三個方面。作為動產與不動產劃分標準的物理標準、價值標準皆有缺陷，動產與不動產的劃分應採用重要性與功能性相合的標準，並採用列舉＋排除的技術在物權立法中予以實現。不動產包括土地、建築物、土地上的林木以及汽車、飛船、船舶。

The severance of personal property and real property plays an important role in the legal system of the civil law tradition. History, function and value together bring out the severance. Traditional physical criterion and value criterion have their inherent weakness, we should adopt essentiality criterion and functionality criterion to differentiate personal property from real property, and realize it by enumeration plus elimination in the property law. Therefore, real property includes land, construction and forest, automobile, airplane, watercraft.