論法律的概念－－從民法典的角度

On The Legal Concept -- In the View of Civil Code System

法律概念是組成法律的基本細胞，是法律思維與法律推理的基礎。法律概念作為民法典系統大廈的一個構件，其具有規範性、抽像性、含義的模糊性以及專門性等特點。在民法典的體系建立中，為提供涵攝的目的而建構抽象概念，但是單憑涵攝的目的而建構抽象概念並不能組成有機的體系。一個開放的體系的建立需要類型的建造，同時也需法律原則的平衡與統帥。為了使民法典在千變萬化的民事生活中具有廣泛的適應力，需要很好地發揮法律概念的功能，但不能僅侷限於通過字義解釋方法。法律概念的構建應具有一定的確定性與普遍性。概念的定義性具有一定的優點與不足，法律對這種定義性規定的方法應該持一種警惕性的態度。

Legal concept is the basic cell which constitutes civil code system, the foundation of the legal thinking and reasoning. Standardization, abstraction, valuableness, specialization of connotations and the obscurity buried within certainty are all features of the legal concept. Legal concept plays an important role in the system constitution. However, there is a necessity for it to be developed as a legal type so as to exert its function. Meanwhile, the balance and guidance of the legal concept is also necessary. The role of the legal concept should be fully played in jurisdiction and the judicial right should be fully brought into playing in order to keep the vitality of the civil code not just by applying the legal concept said by Conceptualist Jurisprudence. In the law application, Legal concept shall have some certainty and wide application. There are some advantages as well as some disadvantages for the definition provisions of concepts. The law shall take a cautious attitude toward such methods of definition provisions.