近代中國民法學中的人格理論

通過對近代中國民法學典籍的研讀，不難發現，“人格”一詞在漢語中的生成，是清末民初移植近代西方法學的成果。由於移植對象複雜、語詞翻譯不一致以及學說介紹局限等歷史原因，近代中國關於法律人格的學說和立法存在極大的混亂，其原因在於對“人格”、“權利能力”二詞不加區分的使用。由此，本文指出，“權利能力”和“人格”二者不能劃等號。在承認人格平等的基礎上，有必要承認權利能力的不平等。

Exploring the Chinese civil law works and codes which were produced in late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the author points that, the appearance of the word “personality” in Chinese, is the fruit of transplanting the modern jurisprudence from Western into China during that time, but for some historical reasons lied in law transplantation, words translation and theories introduction, there are serious confusion staying in the theories and legislation of the personality in modern China. Above all, this paper concludes that, “legal capacity” and “personality” are two different words; though the personality is equality, the legal capacity can be some inequality.