WTO安全例外條款面臨的挑戰與我國的對策－－以網路安全問題為主要背景

Challenges Facing the Security Exception of the WTO and China’s Strategies--Taking the Issues of Cybersecurity as the Main Background

安全例外是GATT/WTO法律體系中一個十分重要而特殊的例外。為了在維護各國的基本安全利益與防止對安全例外的濫用之間達成平衡，WT0安全例外條款一方面賦予援引該例外的成員很大的自由裁量權，另一方面試圖將援引限制在幾種特定情形下。冷戰結束以來，網路安全等非傳統安全事項的日益突出，對WTO安全例外條款提出了新的挑戰。應當採取“疏導”和“圍堵”並用的策略，將非傳統安全事項納入該條款中“基本安全利益”的範圍，同時為該條款確立若干底線，防止該條款被過度擴大解釋和濫用。中國在處理網路安全審查制度等問題時，宜本著“恪守善意、適度突破”的原則來推動該條款的發展。

The security exception is an important and unique exception in the GATT/WTO legal system. In order to strike a balance between the two competing needs of maintenance of essential security interests by members and prevention of its abuse, the security exception of the WTO grants wide scope of discretion to the members invoking the exception on the one hand, and attempts to limit the invocation to several specific circumstances on the other hand. Since the end of the cold war, cybersecurity and other non-traditional security issues have loomed large in international relations, which has posed new challenges to the security exception of the WTO. This paper argues that the WTO and its members should adopt a strategy combining dredging and constraint, which aims to include non-traditional security issues into the scope of “essential security interests” under the security exception, and also to set some bottom lines for the exception, so as to prevent its expansive interpretation and abuse by members. When dealing with relevant issues including the network security review system under consideration, China should push forward the development of the exception based on the two principle of good faith and careful breakthrough.