原漢立委於委員會內之法案審議過程互動關係

Interaction in Legislative Committees between Indigenous and Ethnic Majority Legislators

我國憲法保障原住民族的政治參與，而有原住民保留席次的制度設計，以配額形式，確保原住民族代表在國會當中的席次。就現行制度而言，保障平地與山地原住民各三席，總計約占總席次的5.3%。所以，在人口數僅佔全體2％的情形下，原住民族在國會當中享有超額的席次代表。然而，即便如此，國會運作是依多數決原則而行。縱使憲法保障原住民族有6席席次，但也同時受限於保留席次配額制度，原住民無疑地將會是國會當中永遠的少數。因此，在現行制度下，原住民立委到底只能扮演彰顯保障少數參與的政治花瓶的角色，對法案政策毫無影響力，抑或是可以透過議事操作的折衝連橫而獲得遠超過其席次比例的實質影響力呢？這個問題亟待解答。有鑑於此，本文擬運用歸納方法，分析立法委員在原住民權益相關法案審議過程當中的參與情形和發言內容，同時檢視原住民立委與非原住民立委在法案審議過程當中的互動關係，以探討作為國會當中的絕對少數，原住民立委是否能夠有效地維護原住民利益，而能實質代表原住民族。研究結果發現，台灣立法院實際上已經成為雙元代表的場域。原住民事務是一塊，其他一般事務是另一塊。雖然沒有明文規定，但隨著政治情勢的演變，漢人立委乃至於政黨均高度尊重原住民立委對原住民事務的發言權，自然而然形成一塊專屬原住民的國會事務領域，外人不得輕易介入，致使原住民立委在這個領域內享有相對高的發言權。

In order to guarantee indigenous political participation, the Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan) specifies reserved seats for indigenous people. The current election system now reserves 6 seats to indigenous people while the total number of seat is 113. However, although indigenous people now enjoy the benefit of over-representation, they are still absolute minority in the parliament. Does it mean that indigenous legislators can only play a role of political vast and have little or even no influence on law-making? In order to answer this question, this study analyzes data collected from the Legislative Yuan Gazette to generalize the patterns of interaction between indigenous and ethnic majority legislators in legislative committees. The research findings show that the Legislative Yuan is substantially an arena of dual representation. Ethnic majority legislators and political parties highly respect indigenous legislators' voices and are usually quite on indigenous affairs. Consequently, indigenous legislators become more influential than ethnic majority legislators, at least, on indigenous-related bills.