陽光少年計畫－－社區青少年藥物濫用預防模式

Shining youth project: a communitybased adolescent drug abuse prevention intervention model

「陽光少年計畫」旨在發展社區青少年藥物濫用預防介入模式，藉以營造無毒安全的社區氛圍，協助社區青少年拒絕使用俱樂部藥物及其他成癮物質。本計畫以「MAGIC」為規劃的特色，強調計畫評價、需求評估、理論／原則本位、整合與結盟、社區本位計畫等五項精神。本計畫為兩年期研究，採準實驗設計，立意選擇臺北市某區三個行政里為研究對象，其中兩個行政里為實驗組，另一行政里為控制組。本計畫經由診斷評估期、計畫發展期、計畫推動期、成果評量期等四階段，透過社區組織結盟凝聚共識，整合社區相關組織及預防資源，並推動「無毒家園－－社區行動計畫」（包含愛心媽媽培訓、反毒愛心商店、社區媒體宣導），以及「陽光少年－－學校預防計畫」（包含國小及國中學校預防計畫），由社區與學校攜手共同經營擘劃，以達成預防青少年藥物濫用的目標，並為社區永續經營奠定良好的基礎。研究結果發現「陽光少年計畫」的推動具有正向成效：（一）社區組織結盟有助奠定社區反毒工作之永續經營基礎，促使社區與學校協力共同推動相關計畫，達成預防青少年使用成癮藥物的共同目標。（二）社區預防行動可營造拒絕毒品及其他成癮物質的社會氛圍。愛心媽媽培訓計畫能有效地提昇愛心媽媽們青少年成癮物質濫用預防的知識、態度及自我效能，並激發愛心媽媽們重視青少年藥物濫用預防議題，並開始主動關懷社區青少年。愛心商店計畫有助推動無毒家園工作，在教育、環境、法規三項工作上，皆達到良好的成效。社區媒體宣導介入可增進社區里民接收（聽過或看過）反毒訊息的比率，亦可提升里民認同該里有針對吸毒、販毒通報系統。（三）學校預防計畫具有正向的教育功能，實驗組學生與行政人員對於各項預防活動多表肯定。國小實驗組與對照組在喝啤酒行為上達顯著差異；各效標變項前後測分數分析結果顯示，教育介入對於實驗組學生在危險知覺、成癮物質認知、使用拒絕技巧等變項具有良好正向的效果。建議未來宜鞏固社區組織結盟運作模式，持續透過社區組織結盟以及多元化的社區預防行動，來營造無毒健康的家園。

The main purpose of the two-year longitudinal study of the Shining Youth Project (SYP), was to establish an intervention model to develop a community-based program to prevent adolescent to use club drugs and other addictive substances. The features of the project was represented by MAGIC, including measurement, assessment, guideline/theory-based, integration/coalition, and community-based program. Shining Youth Project was a two-year study. The quasi-experimental design was used as the study method. Three communities were selected to be the study communities, with two communities being experiment groups and one being control group. The implementation of the project included four stages: assessment stage, planning stage, implementation stage, and evaluation stage. Community coalition were　 promoted to develop collaborative relationship among community members and organizations. Comprehensive programs, including community action plans (i.e., volunteer training program, anti-drug shops action, and community mass media intervention) and school programs (i.e., elementary and junior high school prevention intervention), were developed to help adolescents to say 'No' to club drugs and other addictive substances. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to evaluate the effects of the project. The research results of the Shining Youth Project were as following: (1) By building community coalition, communities and schools cooperated to implement prevention efforts to establish drug-free community. (2) Community prevention action plans could significantly increase the knowledge of club drugs among the community members. (3) The students and administrative staff in the experimental schools showed positive attitudes toward the SYP project. The project could significantly decrease beer drinking behavior among the elementary school students, comparing to the control group. Also, the project could increase the knowledge of addictive substances, risk perceptions, and refusal skills among the experimental school students. It is suggested that future efforts should enhance community coalition to develop collaborative relationship among community members and promote multiple and comprehensive prevention action to build drug-free community.