緊急避險的經典案例和法律難題

Classical Cases of Necessity and the Difficult Problems of Law

國內學界對西方國家緊急避險的理論介紹較為欠缺。大陸法系和普通法系關於緊急避險的立法理念和司法實踐不同，但在法律評價的思路方面卻異曲同工，都承認緊急避險在必要的限度內是一種正當的合法行為（權利），也可以成為法律上免責的事由（抗辯理由）。對大陸法和普通法中豐富的緊急避險理論進行介紹和分析，可以為我國的緊急避險理論提供一種“外部視角”，以彌補當前法律體系對緊急避險行為性質認定的不足，為司法實踐提供參考依據。

Domestic academics did not pay much attention to the introduction and analysis of western theories of necessity. The continental law system and the common law system had different ways of lawmaking and legal practices. However, both of them have recognized the reason of necessity. Necessity can be justified as a special right, or a justified defense. This article will introduce and analyze western theories of necessity, to fill the gap in domestic academic debate, as well as to provide a reference for Chinese future legal practices.