我國注冊商標權利行使上的使用要求之制度構建——以歐盟相關立法為鑒

Suggestive Construction on China’s Use Requirements for Exercise of the Rights on Registered Trademarks: Based on the Corresponding Legislations in EU and Its Main Members

在我國商標權註冊取得制下，商標一經註冊，該注冊商標所有人便取得了商標法所賦予的各項權利。即使注冊商標連續三年不使用，只要其尚未被撤銷，其所有人仍可依照商標法對在後的商標註冊提出異議、宣告無效並主張商標專用權的法律保護。絕對化的商標保護理念異化了商標註冊原則，也誤導了相關司法實踐。歐盟及其主要成員國對注冊商標上的權利行使設定了使用要求，體現了商標保護的正當性。我國應參照歐盟相關立法，對於注冊商標，增設程式性權利行使上的使用要求，並完善實體性權利行使的使用要求。

Under the acquisition system of trademark registration, the owner of a registered trademark will be entitled to all rights once the registration is approved. Despite of non-use for an uninterrupted period of three years, the owner of a registered trademark still has the right to object and invalidate the registration which is applied later. Their exclusive rights will be continually protected as long as the earlier trademark is not cancelled. The idea of absolute protection for registered trademarks alienates the registration principle and misleads the relevant judicial practice. The European Union and its main member states set the use requirements on the rights exercise of registered trademarks. These legislations justify the trademark protection and promote the actual use of trademark. To improve China’s corresponding system, the use requirement for exercise of the procedural rights on registered trademarks should be added and that for exercise of the substantive rights should be enhanced.