台灣家事事件調解的發展與變革

The Development and Reform of Family Events Mediation in Taiwan

為妥善處理家事紛爭，世界許多國家均有其獨特的家事審判制度，希望在尊重個人尊嚴及性別平等的原則下，圓滿解決家事紛爭。其中，家事調解制度往往是家事審判制度的重要一環。家事事件係以離婚事件為大宗間許多案件的當事人間曾有暴力發生，因此涉及暴力的家事事件亦在本文探討的範圍。台灣雖早在1934修正民事訴訟法時，於第573條規定「離婚之訴於起訴前，應經法院調解」。但是在司法實務上卻禁止關於婚的調解，而有關婚姻暴力事件的調解則更被禁止。然而在2000年後，隨著部份法官始引進心理與社工資源協助處理離婚事件，終而促使司法院開始注意到以調解方式處理家事事件的重要性。於2005年3月司法擇定6所法院行家事事件調解，2008年3月全面推行此制度，而2012年6月開始生效的「家事事件法」，訂有家事調解專章，則更確立家事調解制度的法律位階。在此同時，法務部自2010年擇定8個地檢署參與修復式司法試行方案，則首度正式將婚姻暴力事件納入調解範圍，本方案並自2012年推行至全國各地檢署。本文將從上述這些面向介紹台灣家事事件調解的變革與發展趨勢，其間也包含較受重視的涉及暴力家事事件解現況。

In order to handle domestic disputes properly, there are special and unique family justice systems in many countries all over the world. Those countries hope that they could solve domestic disputes satisfactorily with the principles of respecting personal dignity and gender equality. Among these systems, the system of family events mediation is one of the most important systems in family justice system. The proportion of family cases, so the family cases involved violence are also discussed in the following context. Although the Taiwan’s Code of Civil Procedure whose article573 ruled that ”It must be mediated by the court before the trial of divorce cases start”had been amended very early in 1934, the mediation of divorce cases and cases involved domestic violence is still banned in justice practice. However after2000, some judges started introducing the resource of psychology and social work to handle divorce cases. Then, the Judicial Yuan in Taiwan just noticed the importance of handling family cases with mediation. The Judicial Yuan chose six district courts to experiment on mediation of family cases, and then put the family cases mediation into practice completely in March, 2008. The ”Family Event Act”which legislate a specific chapter of family cases mediation took effect in June, 2012. From then on, the status of family cases mediation system has been established firmly. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Justice chose eight district prosecutors offices to participate in restorative justice pilot program. It was the first time that Taiwan took those cases of domestic violence into mediation officially and the pilot program was also popularized to all district prosecutors offices around Taiwan from 2012. This article will introduce the development and reform of family cases mediation in Taiwan from above, including the status of family cases mediation which is the focus of attention now and involved violence.