永嘉文派「文勝於學」研究－－從葉適到吳子良之文體論探析

A Study of “Wen Sheng Yu Xue” in “Yong Jia Wen Pai”--Based on “Wen Ti” Theory of Ye Shi and Wu Zi Liang

本文比較辨析葉適《習學記言序目》、吳子良《荊溪林下偶談》的文體論，以嘗試更深入了解《宋元學案》論永嘉學派發展演變時，所指出的「文勝於學」現象。逐一探討葉、吳兩人文體論，發現兩人可說各擅勝場，分別展現出不同的批評觀點。諸如分體文學史的輪廓，創作論、審美論、作家論等等文體學內容，皆紛然並陳於兩人論述之中。雖然如此，兩者仍有明顯差異。吳氏純粹談文論藝，葉氏則在談藝之外亦具有永嘉學術色彩。此外，吳氏傳續葉氏學說側重文學相關議題，此亦可作為佐證。基於以上觀察，本文認為《宋元學案》「文勝於學」的論斷所言不虛。

I research the opinion called “Wen Sheng Yu Xue” (文勝於學) in “Song Yuan Xue An” (《宋元學案》). My research is based on the theory of “Wen Ti” (文體) in “Yong Jia Wen Pai” (永嘉文派). I focus on two “Wen Hua” (文話), which are Ye Shi’s (葉適) “Xi Xue JiYan Xu Mu” (《習學記言序目》) and Wu Zi Liang’s (吳子良) “Jing Xi Lin Xia Ou Tan” (《荊溪林下偶談》). Both Ye Shi and Wu Zi Liang were good at the theory of “Wen Ti”. They studied the history of “Wen Ti”, the theory of writing, appreciation of text, and the writers. There are some differences between Ye’s and Wu’s theory of “Wen Ti”. Based on my research, I think the opinion called “Wen Sheng Yu Xue” in “Song Yuan Xue An” is correct.