臺灣護士形象的源起與建構：以《護士季刊》為案例的分析

The Origin and Construction of the Image of Taiwan’s Nurses: A Case from the Journal of Nursing(Hu Shi Ji Kan)

清末開港通商後，現代護理隨著傳教醫療進入臺灣。日治時期日人開始有系統地訓練看護婦，看護婦被視為是日治時期的新興女性職業，且從事護理工作者幾乎為女性。雖然成為護理人員必須通過教育、考試以及持續的在職訓練，然而一般刻板印象中，認為護理人員須具備親切、愛心與耐心的行為，並以犧牲奉獻來強化並符合照顧的倫理角色。本文擬以《護士季刊》為主要資料，討論1950 年代臺灣的護士形象是如何被傳遞與建構。《護士季刊》創刊於1920 年，係中華民國護士學會刊物，1953 年之前曾兩度停刊。1953 年9 月復刊，直至1961 年改名為「護理雜誌」為止，共出版八卷，此乃1950 年代臺灣地區最主要的護理專業雜誌。除《護士季刊》外，本文將參酌同一時期的文本資料，以闡述當時護理專業如何談論適宜的護士形象，以及與科學化或專業化的護理是否產生衝突。

During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the modern nursing profession and the missionary medical were introduced into China and Taiwan. Although nurses must be educated, pass required examinations, and receive clinical training, people commonly believe that nurses should also demonstrate traditional feminine characteristics, such as amiability, kindness, and patience. People also believe that the nurses must have an attitude of self-sacrifice and dedication to satisfy their ethical role as care providers. This study analyzed the primary data obtained from The Journal of Nursing (Hu Shi Ji Kan) to investigate the image of nurses in Taiwan during 1950s. The Journal of Nursing (Hu Shi Ji Kan) was established in 1920 and was originally The Journal of the Nurse Association of the Republic of China. In 1953, publishing of the journal was suspended twice, but resumed in September 1953. The journal became The Journal of Nursing (Hu Li Za Zhi) in 1961. A total of 8 volumes were published; they comprise the main documentation of the nursing profession in Taiwan in the 1950s. In addition to The Journal of Nursing (Hu Shi Ji Kang), this paper referenced other documents and data from that period to elaborate how the image of nurses were expressed in the nursing profession, and whether those images conflicted with the provision of scientific, professional nursing care.