國際人權法典中的教育理念對人權教育之啟示

The Implication of Educational Beliefs in International Bill of Human Rights on Human Rights Education

人權的概念在人類漫長的歷史中逐漸成為共識，這些共識經由國際人權法典而實體化。而教育作為基本人權，在法典中也表彰了教育學的精神與相關條文，這些教育概念豐富了人權教育的內涵，也讓我們了解國際概念共識下的決議，對此進行介紹是本研究之緣起。本文從國際人權法典的脈絡開始理解，在教育目的部分可發現受教育之權利再宣揚，與第三代人權的概念；在內容上強調初等教育強制與義務、中等教育要包含各種形式、高等教育則是平等開放並逐漸免費、父母教育選擇權則點出父母教育子女方式選擇之自由、防止條款則是私人興學與最低標準的保障、其他也包括計畫與發展的展望。通過對前述內容之理解進而闡述前述教育涵義對人權教育的啟示與實行建議。

The concepts of human rights gradually become the consensus, and embody itself in the international bill of human rights. Education, as the basic human rights, recognized the spirit and the relevant provisions of pedagogy in the bill, which enrich the content of human rights education and illustrate the consensus by United Nations. This research begins with a brief history of international bill of human rights. The aim of bill elaborates the significant of rights to education and three generations of human rights, whereby enforcing the compulsory education, allowing secondary education in different forms, providing open and fair opportunities for higher education by gradually reducing the tuition fee until it is free of charge. The bill also emphasizes the importance of parental choice, the right of foundation of private school and conditioned standards as well as prospect of the future and working plans. Finally, the meaning of education was extracted from the above-mentioned facts and arguments to provide strategies for implementing human rights education.