臺灣地區政府機關與公營事業機構實行菸害防制法現況研究

Implementing tobacco hazords control act at the government offices and government-owned enterprizes in Taiwan-- A case study

本研究的目的為了解菸害防制法在台灣職場實施的情況及其成效，包括員工對菸害防制法的了解、是否免於受到二手菸的危害，如感受到職場內吸菸情形減少、對不法吸菸行為是否會加以勸阻、吸菸者是否因法令實施改變吸菸行為、以及員工對菸害防制法的評價以及認為機關內實施的有效性。研究採取郵寄問卷，由工作於政府機關或公營事業單位的員工自填並寄回。問卷回收1107份，回收率達61.5％，其中非執行菸害防制業務的員工佔766份。研究結果發現，菸害防制法在政府機構的執行情形最成功的是張貼禁菸標示，但是在溝通說明教育方面切實做到的比率卻較此為低，只有七成五。執行禁菸不甚徹底，超過50％的員工知道有不法吸菸的情形，但卻只有7％知道機關被稽查人員開罰單。絕大多數的員工對法令內容不甚清楚。不到1/3員工認為職場內同事因法令公佈而減少吸菸或戒菸，偶爾吸菸者對此現象也較有感受，員工會勸阻不法吸菸，法令規定愈明確嚴格，機關內的員工愈感受到吸菸者行為的改變以及能勸阻不法的吸菸行為。吸菸者自我報告菸害防制法實施後，40％的吸菸者減少吸菸量，8％嘗試戒菸，48％的吸菸者沒有改變，行為的改變和執行方式嚴格與否並不相關。非吸菸者對法令的評價較吸菸者高，但較不覺得菸害防制法在其任職機關內實施成功。法令規定愈明確嚴格，愈對吸菸者造成心理上的壓力。研究者建議在機關內加強菸害防制法的溝通教育和禁菸的稽查以及機關執行法令應明確徹底，未來研究應擴及其他職場並對吸菸行為用較直接的測量方法並輔以生物測量的方式。

This study aims to investigate the current situation and the effectiveness of the Tobacco Hazards Control Act including the protection of non-smokers from the hazards of second-hand smoke and the behavior change of smoker in government owned offices as the Act has been implemented in Taiwan since 1997. The self-administered questionnaires were mailed to government employees with 1107 respondents among them were 766 employees without responsibilities of tobacco control. The following results were found: The work of tobacco control was not implemented thoroughly. The work done most thoroughly was the posting of non-smoking signs; however, the dissemination of educational information needed to be enforced. More than half of the employees knew there were colleagues smoking in the designated non-smoking areas; however, only 7% knew there were cases caught by the inspectors. The non-smokers helped themselves by dissuading the smokers to distinguish the cigarettes. The more the rigorous degree the worksite implemented the Act, the higher possibility that the respondents will dissuade the unlawful smoking behavior. Less than 3% of the respondents knew their smoking colleagues reduced the amount of cigarettes they smoked or quit smoking. The current occasional smokers and the respondents who worked in a worksite implementing the Act more clear-cut and rigorous were more aware about it. Forty percent of the smokers tried to reduce the amount of cigarettes they smoked, and eight percent tried to quit; however, Forty-eight percent of the smokers did not change their smoking behavior. The degree of rigor had nothing to do with the behavior change of smokers. Non-smokers tended to consider the Act less effective in their worksite than smokers although they also considered it more sensible. The more rigorous the situation the higher possibility the smokers were impacted. Based on the findings the researchers recommended that the dissemination of the educational information and the implementation of inspection needed to be enforced. Also, the work should be done more rigorous and clear-cut. The further research should be conducted in worksites other than government agencies and used the direct measurement and combined with bio-makers to get more valid results.