國中生生長發育與健康體能之長期追蹤研究

LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS AMONG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

本研究之目的在瞭解青少年生長發育與健康體能成長幅度的變化趨勢，並探討生長發育對其健康體能的影響情形。本研究為一連續三年之追蹤研究，在八十二年十二月中旬以台北市信義國中一年級80位學生為研究對象進行第一次施測，第二年研究對象流失7人，第三年研究對象流失3人。最後資料的分析以全部三次皆參與的70人為主。測驗項目與方法是依據美國健康、體育、休閒及舞蹈協會所發展的健康體能測驗手冊，用以測量健康體能。資料分析採移動平均方式處理及複迴歸分析。研究結果顯示13.0～15.0歲間，男女生身高值的成長幅度皆為正成長，然而男女生皆有隨年齡的增加而成長幅度逐漸減少的趨勢。男女生體重值的成長 幅度亦皆為正成長，男生的體重值有隨年齡的增加而成長幅度逐漸增加的趨勢，女生則相反。男女生1.6公里跑／走所需的秒數之成長幅度皆隨年齡的增加而呈現負成長。在13.0～14.5歲間男女生屈膝仰臥起坐的成長幅度隨年齡的增加而有減少的趨勢，到14.5歲以後，女生的成長幅度有逐漸增加的情形，而男生則呈現負成長。男女生坐姿體前彎的成長幅度隨年齡的增加而逐漸減少，女生在14.0歲以後出現負成長，男生則約在14.25歲以後始呈現負成長。肱三頭肌、肩胛骨下 緣、腸骨上方、及小腿內側四部位皮脂厚總合成長幅度之變化趨勢，女生呈現 正成長，男生則先呈現負成長，在13.5歲時達到最大量，約在14.25歲以後開始 呈現正成長。男生生長發育過程對心肺耐力有顯著的影響，其解釋力逐年提高。研究結果可供研擬青少年健康體能促進計畫或活動之參考。

Sex-and age-associated variation in growth development and health-related fitness were considered in 70 Taiwanese adolescents followed longitudinally three years. All measurement techniques were used with AAHPERD Health-Related Physical Fitness Test Manual. Data analysis included moving average and multiple regression. Males and females showed a continual decline in positive velocity of height from 13 to 15 years of age. Males indicated a continual increase in positive velocity of weight, while females showed a decline. In contrast, both sexes indicated a negative velocity in the 1.6 km run/walk with seconds. Also, both sexes showed a continual decline in positive velocity of sit-ups from 13 to 14.5 years of age. Females indicated a light increase after 14.5 years of age, while males showed a negative velocity. Sit-and-reach velocity showed a continual decline of positive velocity in both sexes. Males and females, however, showed a negative velocity after 14.0 and 14.25 years of age, respectively. For the sum of four skinfolds, females indicated a positive velocity across all ages. Males showed a negative velocity between 13 and 14.25 years, while they indicated a positive velocity of the sum of four skinfolds after 14.25 years of age. Growth development significantly predicted cardiorespiratory endurance, and accounted for about 16%，25%, 29% of variation in the 1.6 km run/walk from 7th to 9th grade male students, respectively. The results of the study may serve to promote a better understanding of growth development and physical fitness during adolescence and might be useful in the development of effective health promotion programs.