台東縣國民中學學生憋尿行為及其相關因素之研究

Study of delaying urination of students in junior high school of Taitung County, Taiwan

本研究於八十四年四、五月期間，以問卷方式調查台東縣22所國民中學二年級甲班749名學生的憋尿知識、憋尿態度、對學校廁所可近性與可利用性的看法，以及膀胱炎症狀的有無等。也實地調查各校的廁所維修與清潔維護，以探討學生憋尿行為是否與其個人知識、態度及學校廁所管理有關，以作為進一步改善的依據。結果顯示，學生在校憋尿行為普遍，國中男生為58％，國中女生55％。造成憋尿的原因，以不敢向老師說最為普遍，人太多、須排隊、下課太短、功課未完成等時間問題，以及廁所太髒、男女混合廁所的尷尬等亦常見；女學生另有不安全感的問題，也有部份男學生反應不喜歡旁邊有人。卡方檢定結果顯示，學生膀胱炎症狀與憋尿行為呈顯著關聯。另外，也有部份學生為了不想在學校小便而有不敢吃早餐、不敢喝水等不利健康的行為，尤以男生較普遍。國民中學男女生憋尿行為之發生與憋尿知識、憋尿態度及廁所狀況均呈顯著相關。學生普遍不知道「經常憋尿，有害膀胱功能」及「膀胱炎症狀」，並有「因尿不很急而憋尿」的態度，家長也多未教導孩子不要憋尿。學生並普遍認為學校廁所會臭，而廁所積水、馬桶不通、沖水設施不靈、門板壞掉、怕弄髒衣褲也常見。實態調查方面，各校普遍良好，但洗手台缺鏡子、沒有肥皂供應為共同缺失，沖水設施損壞、地板積水、便器有汙垢為常見缺失。為了促進學生健康，建議學校應從尊重學生如廁權益、廁所管理維護、宣導正確的如廁知識與態度等三方面同時著手。

Using questionnaires, this study investigated the urinating behavior, attitude, knowledge, and disease of students in junior high schools of Taitung County. There were 749 second-year students of 22 schools participated in the study from April to May 1995. The cleanness and maintenance of toilets in each school were also examined. The result show those 58% boys and 55% girls often delaying urination during school. The most common reason for delaying urination was that student dared not ask teachers for going to the toilet during the class. Long waiting in toilet, not enough rest time, dirty environment, and shame in mixed-sex toilet were also the main reasons. Furthermore, some girl students were anxious about safety in toilet and some boy students were annoyed with people next to him when urinating. The result of c2 test showed that students having the habit of delaying urination and having the disease of urinary system was significantly related. The result of correlation analysis showed the occurrence of delaying urination of students was significantly correlated with toilet condition and students' scores of urinating knowledge and attitude. We suggest that more humanized class teaching, better toilet condition and enhancing urinating education may prevent the students from abnormal behavior of delaying urination in school.