垂直人際信任對部屬工作績效之影響：上司家長式領導的角色

The Effects of Vertical Interpersonal Trust on Subordinates’ Job Performance: The Role of Supervisor’s Paternalistic Leadership

在工作上積極投入的員工是企業最珍貴的資產，也是競爭優勢的來源之一。如何透過上司的有效領導，發展上司與部屬間的人際信任關係，進而激勵部屬在角色內及角色外行為（即組織公民行為）上投入更多心力，一直是學術界及企業界關注的焦點。然而，過去的人際信任研究多僅聚焦於部屬對上司的信任，少有研究探討上司對部屬的信任、或部屬知覺被上司信任是否會影響部屬的工作行為、是否會影響部屬與上司間的關係。本研究以上司－－部屬間的人際信任為焦點，探討上司家長式領導（包括仁慈、德行及威權領導）、部屬「對上司的信任」、「知覺被上司信任」的關聯性，以及部屬「對上司的信任」、「知覺被上司信任」對部屬工作績效（包括角色內行為及組織公民行為）的個別及交互作用影響，並以台南地區壽險業的271 位第一線業務人員為問卷調查實證對象。迴歸分析結果顯示，(1)上司仁慈及德行領導行為對部屬「對上司的信任」及「知覺被上司信任」呈顯著正向影響，部屬「知覺被上司信任」對其「對上司的信任」亦呈顯著正向直接影響；(2)知覺被上司信任程度愈高、部屬「對上司的信任」與其角色內及組織公民行為的正向關係愈強烈；對上司的信任程度愈高、部屬「知覺被上司信任」與其角色內及組織公民行為的正向關係亦愈強烈。最後研究者依據實證結果提出建議供企業主管參考。

Employees wholeheartedly devoting to their job are not only the most precious property for business enterprises, but also a source of competitive advantage. Consequently, the successful management of employees is of central importance in determining the success of the firm. Understanding the way adopted by supervisors to develop interpersonal trust between supervisors and subordinates, and in turn motivate their subordinates to devote extra effort to in-role and extra-role behaviours has long been a topic of research interest to academicians and practitioners. However, precious research examining the effects of trust has focused predominantly on the relationships between subordinates’ trust in their supervisor and subsequent subordinate’s performance behaviors and job attitudes, little research has been done on whether trusting in subordinates or subordinates’ perceptions of being trusted will probably affect subordinates’ subsequent behaviors and the future relationship with supervisors. This study, with a focus on vertical interpersonal trust between supervisors and subordinates, examined the relationships of supervisors’ paternalistic leadership behavior (including benevolence, moral and authoritarianism leadership) to subordinates’ trust in and feeling trusted by their supervisors. Furthermore, we investigated the individual and interactive effects of trust in and feeling trusted by supervisors on subordinates’ job performance (including in-role and organizational citizenship behaviors). Two hundreds and seventy-one sales employees from five life insurance firms in Taiwan were sampled as subjects. Results of regression analysis indicated that supervisors’ benevolence and moral leadership had positively affected on subordinates’ trust in and feeling trusted by their supervisors, and subordinates’ feeling trusted also had positively influenced on their trust in supervisors. In addition, moderated regression analysis showed that the positive relationships of subordinates’ trust in supervisors to in-role behaviors and OCB were stronger when feeling trusted by supervisors is high. The findings also showed that the positive relationships of subordinates’ feeling trusted by supervisors to in-role behaviors and OCB were stronger when trust in supervisors is high. Finally, managerial implications for managers and directions for future research are suggested.