產業附加價值移動趨勢分析－－以臺灣半導體產業為例

Value Migration-- Evidence from Taiwan’s Semiconductor Industry

產業價值鏈上各環節利潤變化的趨勢，不僅可清楚反映出產業的結構性變革，更指引著公司的營運和策略決策。本研究有別以往文獻以會計帳目之有形資產價值來衡量產業附加價值，而是以衡量企業無形資產價值的評量指標作為衡量企業附加價值的代理變數。並以縱橫面資料(panel data)迴歸模式，重新檢視2000 年至2005 年之間台灣半導體產業的附加價值線。研究結果顯示，四項無形資產評價指標MV/BV、Tobin’s q、VAICTM、EVA 中，MV/BV 與Tobin’s q 兩項指標符合施振榮於2004 年所觀察到，台灣半導體產業附加價值呈現U 型的微笑曲線，其中半導體設計業為產業價值鏈中附加價值最高的環節。除此之外，時間效果、商業模式、以及生產效率對附加價值亦有顯著影響，並以時間效果影響程度最大，顯示台灣半導體產業深受景氣循環的影響，營運風險高，自主性低。

The values added along industry value chains reveal the industry’s structural changes. The present study utilizes the measure of firms’ intangible assets to proxy for firms’ values added. Specifically, the study empirically examines the smiling curve hypothesis based on different valuation models of intellectual capital. Based on a panel of semiconductor firms over 2000-2005, the study finds that values added from the valuation models of MV/BV and Tobin’s q are consistent with Shih’s hypothesis. The fabless industry is found to have higher values added than the manufacturing industry and the packaging and testing industry because the fabless industry is engaged in design and marketing. We also find that the values added of Taiwan semiconductor industry are affected by business cycle, business models and productive efficiency.