團隊成員人格特質對知識分享及創新績效之影響－－個人與團隊層次的分析

The Effects of Team Personality Composition on Knowledge Sharing and Innovation Performance: Individual and Team level Analysis

本研究採用五大人格特質作為人格分類架構，探討團隊成員個人人格特質以及團隊人格特質組合對於團隊可能造成的影響。在個人層次探討人格與知識分享意願的關聯性；在團隊層次則探討團隊人格特質組合對團隊知識分享行為及創新績效的影響。以研發團隊作為實證對象，蒐集63個研發團隊，以層級迴歸分析結果顯示，人格特質確實會影響個人知識分享的意願，在各人格特質構面中，宜人性是對於知識分享有最為顯著正面影響的構面。在團隊人格特質組合方面，發現當團隊神經質較低時，有助於團隊知識分享行為；團隊經驗開放性對於團隊知識分享行為亦有正向影響；團隊宜人性對團隊知識分享行為則有微弱正向影響，但對創新績效略有負向影響，團隊宜人性變異程度對於團隊知識分享行為亦有微弱正向影響。

Many scholars have already accepted the concept of organizations as knowledge systems. How to transfer and create knowledge system has become an important issue, but most researches focus on knowledge transfer between units or organizations. There is few researchs focused on the knowledge sharing and knowledge creation in teams. So the knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and innovation performance in teams is an important issue needed to be explored. Team composition affects team process and performance. Knowledge-sharing and innovation performance are also possibly affected by team composition. Most of team composition researches focused on the visible variable characteristics, such as demographic variable, but the implicit personality variables were ignored (Milliken & Martin, 1996 ; Williams & O’Reilly, 1998 ). Actually, the relationship of personality and creativity is an important direction in creativity research. But the existed experimental research seems to be not enough to clarify the relationship of personality and innovation. This relationship is not well understood especially when it occurred in team context. So the purpose of this study is to understand how individual personality and team personality composition will affect knowledge sharing and innovation performance in teams. Based on “Big Five”, we constructed a multilevel model. On individual level, we explored how team member personality affects willingness of knowledge sharing. On team level, we explored the effect of team personality composition, average level and variability, on team knowledge sharing behavior and innovation performance. We clollected 339 team member and 63 supervisor data from 63 R&D teams and use hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypothesis. On individual level, we found personality affect willingness of knowledge sharing. Among five dimensions of personality, agreeableness has most significant positive effect on the willingness of knowledge sharing. On team level, we found the lower average level of team neuroticism, the more team knowledge sharing behavior facilitated. The average level of team openness to experience has positive relationship with team knowledge sharing behavior. The team agreeableness has marginal significant positive effect on team knowledge sharing behavior, but has marginal negative effect on innovation performance. The variability of agreeableness also has marginally significant effect on team knowledge sharing behavior. The results reveal individual team member personality and team personality composition have different effect on knowledge sharing and innovation performance. These results also reveal the possible contribution of multilevel research.