資源分割、密度依賴、組織樣態與組織死亡：臺灣工具機產業之分析

Resource Partitioning, Density Dependence, Organizational Pattern, and Organizational Mortality: An Analysis of Machine Tool Industry in Taiwan

本研究承襲組織生態學的觀點，從「資源分割」、「密度依賴」與「組織樣態」的角度，試圖探討其對組織死亡的影響？為回答上述問題，本文以1968 年至2002 年這段期間，台灣1066 家工具機廠商為分析樣本，經採log-logistic 迴歸模型來進行實證，結果發現：(1)市場集中化程度愈高，組織死亡的可能性愈高；與市場中心位置的距離愈遠，組織死亡的可能性愈高。(2)組織創建時的密度愈高，組織死亡率愈低。(3)集群密度愈高，組織死亡率愈低。(4)組織樣態與組織死亡無顯著關係。(5)無論專才或通才的組織，並沒有改變資源分割對組織死亡的關係。(6)創建時的密度會改變與市場中心距離對組織死亡的關係；死亡時的密度會改變市場集中化程度與市場中心性對組織死亡的關係。上述發現，本研究並輔以專家訪談深入了解其在實務上之意涵。

Organizational life and mortality are embedded in environment. For a long time, Organizational Ecology has been discussing the relationship between organization and environment. It places emphasis on the law that organization is selected by environment. Applying views of Organizational Ecology, many scholars of organization sociology claim organization would go through the dynamic and complex process of newness, variation, and mortality and then influence the distribution of organizational populations. At earlier stages, most studies of Organizational Ecology focused on the discussion of organization mortality issues from niche views. After, market center and market concentration have been core issues of organizational Ecology since Carroll(1985) settled the foundation of resource partitioning. Organizational ecology primarily focuses on the perspective that the new organizational forms are selected by the environment. Most of researches support the important approaches to studying organizational mortality from resource-partitioning theory and density dependence theory. The former places primary emphasis on an organization’s location in resource space, especially relative to other types of organizations. The latter concentrates on the density-dependent processes of legitimation and competition on organizational mortality. The above summary concerns the core of subject of organizational ecology. Only a few researches study the interaction effects of resource partitioning and density dependence. As above stated. This paper extends previous literatures on organizational ecology and tries to combine with the context of resource-partitioning,, density dependence, organizational pattern, and organizational population density to find the relationships among them for organizational mortality. To reply this research questions, this paper adopted a longitudinal sample of 1066 factories from 1968 to 2002 machine tool industry in Taiwan and used log-logistic hazard model to examine. Empirical results indicate that: (1) The higher the level of market concentration was, the higher the rate of organizational mortality was, and market center too. (2)Density at time of founding has a negative and significant effect on organizational mortality. (3) The higher the population density was, the lower the rate of organizational mortality was. (4)There was no significant correlation between the organizational patterns and organizational mortality. (5)There was no significant correlation between organizational mortality and the interaction effects of resource partitioning and organizational patterns. (6)The effect of market center on organizational mortality was moderated by the density at time of founding. Similarly, the effects of market center and market concentration on organizational mortality were moderated by the density at time of mortality.