2014年憲法發展回顧

Developments in the Law in 2014 : Constitutional Law

本文回顧2014年臺灣憲法的發展，並分憲法解釋、重要立法及重要事件等三部分檢討。在憲法解釋方面，本年度共有10則大法官解釋，其中釋字第721號解釋以增修條文為標的，釋字第725號解釋涉及定期失效違憲宣告的個案救濟，均有重要的法制意義；另釋字第717、718、719等號解釋亦屬兼具學理及實務重要性的解釋，本文均一一扼要討論。在重要立法方面，本年度立法院通過兒童權利公約施行法和身心障礙者權利施行法，然立法院在制定上述施行法之前，並未先批准系爭人權公約，形成「無條約，卻有施行法」的奇特立法先例。本文對此提出批判分析，並建議應儘速補行公約議決程序。在憲法事件方面，2014年3月間爆發的太陽花學運，11月29日舉行的九合一地方選舉，各為本年度的重要事件，本文也都有扼要的分析。

This paper reviews the development of Tawian’s constitutional law in 2014, focusing on constitutional interpretations, important legisaltions, and critical events concerned. The Constitutional Court made 10 decisions in 2014. This paper discusses No. 721, 725 and several more important interpretaions. No. 721 confirms the consitutionality of Constituitonal Amendments regarding the legislative election systems. No. 725 grants retroactive judicial remedies for those petition cases under the declaration model of “unconstitutional but invalid later.” In addition, No. 717, 718 and 719 are decisions on constitutional rights issues of academic and practical importance. These five interpretations are examined in details. On legisaltions, the Legisaltive Yuan passed two implementation acts to recognize the domestic legal effects of those rights as provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, without first ratifying these two Conventions. This paper thus makes a critical comment on such a unique model. Finally this paer discusses three major events of constituitonal significance: the 318 Sunflower Movement, presidential nomination and legislative confirmation of the members of the Examination and Control Yuans, and the first ever nation-wide nine-in-one local elections in November.