都市邊緣地區的行動者：東南亞女性店家文化涵化之研究

The Agents in Urban Marginalized Zones: The Study of Southeast Asian Female Self-Employment Restaurant Owners' Acculturation

本研究將族群文化混雜與都市空間形成的關係置於臺中市都市發展的脈絡來探討，選取臺中第一廣場周圍地區為田野場域，該地原是臺中市中心商業區所涵蓋的部分範圍，如今成為東南亞移民假日的生活消費中心。本研究以都市邊緣地區與文化涵化為分析概念，探討幾個議題：哪些因素造成本研究區域的商業衰微？東南亞餐飲店家如何運用自身文化與社會空間特性得以鑲嵌於都市邊緣地區？當地臺灣店家對東南亞餐飲店家以及外籍移工的反應為何？東南亞移民與臺灣人所構成的空間活動對臺中市都市發展的意涵為何？由於新發展重心的形成、幽靈船傳說、第一廣場建築安檢問題、遊民聚集以及外勞打架等報導，造成臺灣顧客不願前往消費與該地污名化的產生。交通便利、低地租、與外勞假日消費等空間特性吸引東南亞店家進駐，以餐飲店為例，主要僱用相同族裔的員工、就近採購東南亞調味料，以降低經營成本。越南店家大都會依客源來調整菜單與口味，印尼與泰國店家則堅持道地口味，印尼店家還兼賣日常用品以增加收入。雖然東南亞餐飲店家努力爭取客源，大部分受訪店家的收益卻不如臺灣店家，還得承載污名被擠壓到生存場域的邊緣，但她們經由餐飲店的經營得以改善與家人的關係、結交朋友、生活有目標、以及變得自信與快樂。當地受訪店家認為台中市政府不重視該區的發展，所實施的相關措施難收振衰起蔽之效。The study aims to explore the relationship between ethnic hybridity and urban spatial formation in the area used to be Taichung's central business district (CBD) and it has become Southeast Asian immigrants' resorts on weekends. The study employs the analytic concepts-urban marginalized zone and acculturation-to examine the following issues. What factors cause the decline of Taichung's CBD? How do Southeast Asian selfemployment restaurant owners make use of their culture and urban spatial characteristics to be embedded in this area? To what extent do local Taiwanese interact with Southeast Asian immigrants? How do the daily activities of natives and immigrants impact the development of the urban zone? The factors causing the commercial decline and the creation of bad reputation in this area included the prosperity of newly development areas, the ghost boat rumor, the unauthorized usage of First Square, the homeless' congregation, and migrant workers' violence. Owing to the low rent, convenient transportation, and migrant workers' consumption, Southeast Asian stores started here. To make more profits, Southeast Asian restaurant owners employed coethnic employees and purchased sauces from nearby grocery stores. Vietnamese restaurant owners' changed menus to meet customers' tastes. Indonesian and Thai restaurant owners insisted authentic flavors; in addition, Indonesian restaurant owners sold groceries to make more money. These participants did their best to attract customers; consequently, they not only earned less than Taiwanese restaurant owners did but also had been stigmatized. After running the business, the Southeast Asian female restaurant owners were able to improve their family relationships, to make friends, and to become confident. Taiwanese shop owners did not think that Taichung government paid much attention to the development of this area, so the effect following the policies for revitalizing this area was undermined.