茶鄉採茶婦女移動路徑與性別空間之研究－－以鹿谷鄉鳳凰村為例

Path of Movement and Gender Space of the Tea-Picking Women in a Tea Country - A Case Study of Phoenix Village of Lugu Township

本文根據時間地理學，探究鹿谷鄉鳳凰村在產業變動後本區採茶婦女農業活動的時空配置，並以女性主義地理學為理論基礎，看本茶村性別空間的轉變。民國60年代，臺灣經濟成長快速，村民開始大量種植凍頂烏龍茶，使得茶葉逐漸成為本村的單一作物。民國80年代後期，高山茶迅速崛起，凍頂烏龍茶慢慢走下坡，本村茶園逐漸出現轉作、廢耕、出售等現象。不論本區茶葉的興衰如何，一群吃苦耐勞、知足樂天的臺灣傳統婦女採茶工是茶鄉的幕後功臣。因應產業變化，採茶衍生出不一樣的採茶組織，專業仲介（工頭）的興起，把採茶組織帶入另一個商業化的時代。研究以下幾點發現：1、靠著工頭的廣大人脈，適時解決茶農的茶工荒，在工頭的帶領下，採茶婦女改變了自己的移動路徑，進而影響了時空配置。2、採茶婦女在成為茶園農事主力後，不僅收入增加、經濟獨立，生活圈擴大，採茶接洽事宜大部分由採茶婦女聯繫，社區的聯繫網路變得方便、快速。3、採茶婦女在外工作的時間比待在家中的時間長，也打破以往對「男主外，女主內」性別化空間的刻板印象。Based on time geography, this study explored the time-space allocation of the tea-picking women's agricultural activities in Phoenix Village, Lugu Township after changes in the industry. And it also observed the gender space transformation of this tea village based on feminist geography.With the rapid economic growth in Taiwan in the 60s of the Republic of China, Dongding Oolong Tea became famous and the villagers began to plant a large number of tea trees, making tea became the single crop in Phoenix village. In the late 80s, the demand of high mountain tea rise rapidly, and Dongding Oolong Tea began decreasing. The tea gardens in this area were transferred, wasted, or sold. Regardless of the rise and fall of the tea trees in this area, a group of hard-working, contented traditional Taiwanese tea-picking women kept paying their own labor for the tree gardens. Without their efforts, Dongding Oolong Tea wouldn't be so famous. In response to changes in the industry, the tea-picking work had also developed into different tea-picking organizations to adapt to the needs of the tea farmers. The rise of the professional intermediaries (foremen) brought the tea-picking organization into another commercial era. Relying on the foremen's vast personal network, the shortage of tea-picking workers was solved. Led by the foremen, the tea-picking women changed their path of movement, thereby affecting the time-space allocation. After the tea-picking women became the main force of the tea gardens, The entire season's tea-picking approached issues were mostly communicated by the tea-picking women. The community network became more convenient and faster. The phenomenon that the tea-picking women spent more time working outside than staying at home also changed the previous sex space stereotype that 'men are breadwinners, and women are housekeepers'. The traditional notions of male superiority still deeply entrenched in the tea-picking women in this area. However, as the autonomy strengthened by the environment continually, the gender space of the tea village also experienced some subtle changes.