不同母語譯者中譯英的主體性和客體性

Subjectivity and Objectivity of Native Chinese Speaking and Native English Speaking Translators

隨著翻譯研究的「文化轉向」及「全球化」時代的到來，文化語境與譯者主體性的關係受到越來越多的關注。譯者作為原作第一的讀者，在對原作進行闡釋和翻譯時，其理解無疑是在特定的文化語境中進行的。譯者受自己意識形態的支配和操縱，有意無意地把自己的價值判斷融入自己的翻譯理念帶進翻譯過程，大到翻譯文本及翻譯策略擇取，小至翻譯手法，如對個別詞語的增譯、漏譯、節譯、編譯或把原文中的詞語在譯語中的語氣加強加重，使其更具有挑釁性，不是採用淡化、遮蔽手段就是用中性化、古詞語化、概括甚至省略某些看來與他設想的閱讀效果相抵觸的字眼，在選詞煉句上亦帶有主觀色彩等等，造成譯文中譯者主體性（subjectivity）或客體性（objectivity）的彰顯。前人對文化語境如何影響文本及翻譯策略的選擇以及翻譯手法的運用作了大量研究和論述，但對於譯者如何在翻譯社論文章時使用翻譯手法以彰顯主體性、客體性卻稍有不足。本研究旨在探討不同語言文化環境中成長（不同母語）的譯者，在翻譯具有濃厚意識形態色彩之社論文章時，其人稱代名詞的使用（翻譯手法）是否彰顯不同的主體性和客體性，以及如何彰顯不同的主體性和客體性。本研究發現從事中譯英翻譯的一般譯者，包括無經驗的學生譯者和有經驗的專業譯者，雖然具有強烈的譯者主體意識，但對於如何恰當使用第一人稱代名詞，彰顯譯者主體性，尚缺乏清楚的認識，其第一人稱代名詞的使用表現出過高的隨意性。在第一人稱代名詞的使用上，譯者中文社論的譯文與英文報刊所登載社論相去甚遠，亟待加強。With the emergence of 'cultural turn' and globalization, the binary theme of subjectivity and objectivity of the translator has received increasing attention from translation studies. Numerous studies have found that translators, influenced or manipulated by different ideologies, may exhibit their subjectivity or objectivity in their choices of translation subjects, strategies and methods, including their rendition of particular terminologies and sentences. However, there is a lack of understanding of whether translators from different language backgrounds differ in the exhibition of subjectivity or objectivity when translating press editorials, a discourse type with strong ideological biases. This current study is aimed at exploring the question through analyzing the use of personal pronouns by native English speaking and native Chinese speaking translators. A Chinese into English translation parallel corpus will be constructed with 100 translation samples by translators from both groups. A comparable corpus will also be built with 100 English press editorials extracted from renowned English newspapers such The New York Times, The Age, The Washington Post, and The Australian. Personal pronouns used by native Chinese speaking and native English speaking translators will be extracted from the parallel corpus using Wordsmith 4.0 followed by statistical analyses. The use of personal pronouns by the translators will finally be compared against the use of personal pronouns in the 100 press editorials from the English newspapers. The anticipated results may reveal differences between native Chinese speaking and native English speaking translators in their exhibition of subjectivity and objectivity reflected by their use of personal pronouns, possibly as a result of their ideological differences. All translations may differ from the press editorials in the use of personal pronouns, which may result from typological differences between Chinese and English or simply the translation universal of translators following the source text.